Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Emeis, Stefan; Türk, Matthias

doi:10.1007/s10236-008-0178-x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While many values for k are given we chose a middle value of k = 0.15 that corresponds to the open ocean data taken in the North Atlantic. More recent results from a study in the German Bight [ Emeis and Turk , 2009] closely match this equation.…”

Section: Air Entrainment By Gas Bubblessupporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Chiba

Baschek

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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1] Gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and ocean by diffusion through the sea surface and by dissolution of air bubbles injected by breaking wind waves. Langmuir cells enhance the contribution from bubbles by keeping them under water for longer thus increasing their dissolution. We determine the importance of Langmuir cells by using a bubble model to calculate the amount of gas that dissolves from bubbles as a function of wind speed, gas saturation, and injection depth and a Langmuir cell model to estimate the effect of the associated downwelling currents on bubble dissolution. The calculations are preformed for the eight gases N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, and the results are then compared with the total gas exchange determined by common descriptions of air-sea gas exchange. The contribution of gas bubbles to air-sea gas exchange increases with wind speed and can reach 77% for O 2 , 98% for N 2 , and 16% for CO 2 at a wind speed of 20 m s −1 and a gas saturation of 95%. The additional effect of Langmuir cells on the total gas exchange at a gas saturation of 95% is 19% for O 2 , 35% for N 2 , and 0.7% for CO 2 . The importance of Langmuir cells for air-sea gas exchange generally increases with gas saturation and decreases with the solubility of the gas.Citation: Chiba, D., and B. Baschek (2010), Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air-sea gas exchange,

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Section: Air Entrainment By Gas Bubblessupporting

confidence: 73%

Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Chiba

Baschek

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Furthermore, storm Britta caused extremely high waves in the German Bight, as evidenced by structural damage to the FINO1 wind farm research platform (45 km offshore) at heights up to 20 m above the mean sea level (see e.g. Emeis and Türk 2009, and references therein).…”

Section: Modeling Of a Strong Storm Surgementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the impact of wind and waves on suspended particulate matter fluxes in the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea)

2009

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Suspended particulate matter (SPM) fluxes and dynamics are investigated in the East Frisian Wadden Sea using a coupled modeling system based on a hydrodynamical model [the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM)], a third-generation wave model [Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN)], and a SPM module attached to GETM. Sedimentological observations document that, over longer time periods, finer sediment fractions disappear from the Wadden Sea Region. In order to understand this phenomenon, a series of numerical scenarios were formulated to discriminate possible influences such as tidal currents, wind-enhanced currents, and wind-generated surface waves. Starting with a simple tidal forcing, the considered scenarios are designed to increase the realism step by step to include moderate and strong winds and waves and, finally, to encompass the full effects of one of the strongest storm surges affecting the region in the last hundred years (Storm Britta in November 2006). The results presented here indicate that moderate weather conditions with wind speeds up to 7.5 m/s and small waves lead to a net import of SPM into the East Frisian Wadden Sea. Waves play only a negligible role during these conditions. However, for stronger wind conditions with speeds above 13 m/s, wind-generated surface waves have a significant impact on SPM dynamics. Under storm conditions, the numerical results demonstrate that sediments are eroded in front of the barrier islands by enhanced wave action and are transported into the back-barrier basins by the currents. Furthermore, sediment erosion due to waves is significantly enhanced on the tidal flats. Finally, fine sediments are flushed out of the tidal basins due to the combined effect of strong erosion by wind-generated waves and a longer residence time in the water column because of their smaller settling velocities compared to coarser sediments.

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“…In a series of studies of Britta, e.g., Brusch et al (2008), Behrens and Günther (2009), Emeis and Türk (2009), Pleskachevsky et al (2012) and Kettle (2015b), the following features have been observed:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…At the same time, measurements have been analyzed extensively for understanding the development of this storm (e.g. Emeis and Türk (2009)). Storm Britta is characterized of strong and highly fluctuating mean wind speed and unusually high waves in the North Sea, where FINO 1 experienced a 20-year return value for the significant wave height and where structural damages on the FINO 1 platform A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These scales are of the right order of magnitude when compared to the cell size of cloud patterns. Emeis and Türk (2009) analyzed the hourly observations at FINO 1 for Britta, together with storm Erwin from 8th January, 2005. The two storms have shown similar wind strength and frictional velocity but H s is significantly smaller during Erwin (being an 1-3 year event) at the same wind speed than that during Britta (being a 20-year event).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the impact of wind on the development of wave field during storm Britta

Larsén¹,

Du²,

Bolaños

et al. 2017

Ocean Dynamics

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Wind-driven wave heights in the German Bight

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air‐sea gas exchange

Modeling the impact of wind and waves on suspended particulate matter fluxes in the East Frisian Wadden Sea (southern North Sea)

On the impact of wind on the development of wave field during storm Britta

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