Local Binary Pattern Method (LBP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for Periocular Recognition

Abstract

Identification of identity through eye is gaining more and more importance. Commonly, the researchers approach the eye from any of three parts, the iris, the circumference around the eye, and the iris and its circumference. This study follows a holistic approach to identity identification by using the iris and whole periocular area and proposes a periocular recognition system (PRS) that has been developed using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) technique combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) at the feature extraction stage and the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm as a classifier at the classification stage. This system achieves identity recognition through three steps: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. Pre-processing is applied to the images so as to convert them to grayscale. In the feature extraction step, the LBP method is applied to extract the texture feature from the images and use it in PCA to reduce data dimensionality and obtain the relevant data so that only the important features are extracted. These two steps are applied both in the training phase and the testing phase of image processing. On the other hand, the testing data sets are processed using the k-NN classifier. The proposed PRS was tested on data drawn from the PolyU database using more than one basis of system experience. Specifically, the system performance was tested once on all 209 subjects present in the database and once on 140 subjects. This database also contains images taken in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) spectrum. So, the system was tested on images taken in both regions separately for matching. As well, the proposed PRS benefited from the availability of images for the right and left perioculars. Performance was, therefore, tested on images of each side of the periocular area (the left and right sides) separately, as well as for the combination of the two sides. The identity recognition rates characteristic of the proposed PRS were most often higher than the recognition rates produced by systems reported in the literature. The highest recognition accuracy obtained from the proposed system, which is 98.21%, was associated with the 140subject data subset .

Face Mask Wear Detection by using Facial Recognition System for Entrance Authorization

“…Sereen et al [9] used this method to make a match when the captured facial features are crooked or the facial expressions don't match the database system. This method has unique characteristics, such as pattern points.…”

Curvature Best Basis: A Novel Criterion to Dynamically Select a Single Best Basis as the Extracted Feature for Periocular Recognition

“…These include local binary pattern (LBP) [6], local binary patterns (LBP), local phase quantization (LPQ), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and Weber local descriptor (WLD) [10], gradient orientation histogram (GO), LBP, and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) [11]. The dimensional reduction-based such as principal component analysis (PCA) [12] and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) [13] have been evaluated. Multi-resolution analysis methods, such as wavelet-based [14], [15], and scale-space [16], have been employed to evaluate periocular regions.…”