Local Catholicism as Transnational War Experience: Everyday Religious Practice in Occupied Northern France, 1914–1918

Houlihan, Patrick J.

doi:10.1017/s0008938912000040

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As a priest serving in the French troops wrote: 'The love of our country and the love of God so long separated were now as one' (Gaëll 1916, p. 3). Other works in local history confirm the emergence of a proper 'patriotic Catholicism, which is also Catholic patriotism' (Becker 1998, p. 10;Houlian 2012).…”

Section: After World War I: Towards Popular/people's Partiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Globalization of Christian Democracy: Religious Entanglements in the Making of Modern Politics

Forlenza

Thomassen

2022

Religions

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This article throws light on a crucial, yet overlooked, aspect of global entanglements that significantly came to shape modern politics: the global spread of Catholic ideas that, from the late nineteenth century and through the twentieth century, became translated into various political platforms and, eventually, into Christian Democratic parties. The article will cover three broad periods where such global entanglements took shape: the mid-nineteenth century up until World War I, the interwar period, and the aftermath of World War II. We primarily address developments across the Atlantic in Europe and Latin America, while briefly touching upon Asian developments. The article aims to show the role of non-secular ideologies in political globalization processes and the co-existence of centric and multi-polar tendencies in such processes.

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Section: After World War I: Towards Popular/people's Partiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Globalization of Christian Democracy: Religious Entanglements in the Making of Modern Politics

Forlenza

Thomassen

2022

Religions

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“…These scholars also provide ample evidence that the shock of industrialized warfare drove just as many, if not more, Europeans to embrace traditional beliefs as it did to inspire the avant-gardism of others. 87 Emmerick's Weimar cult also reflected these nuances. Even as articles and speeches sought to create Emmerick anew as a twentieth-century German Führerin, her potency as a symbol derived from her existing veneration as a nineteenth-century Westphalian Mystikerin.…”

Section: Reimagination Of the Past And Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domesticating a Mystic: Catholic Saint-Making in Weimar Germany

Painter

2018

Cent Eur Hist

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Veneration of Westphalian stigmatic and visionary Anna Katharina Emmerick (1774–1824) reached new heights during the Weimar Republic. German Catholics engaged in promoting her beatification cause organized a multipronged, multimedia campaign. Priests and laypersons, as well as the popular press and theological journals, all encouraged the veneration of Emmerick as “a crucified saint for a crucifiedVolk.” Memories of Napoleonic French aggression, secularization, and waning religious belief provided revanchist Weimar German Catholics with a readymade narrative of victimization. Moreover, as a poster child of the WestphalianHeimat, her pilgrimage sites offered a spiritual antidote to the “godless” modern city. Meanwhile, everyday Catholics continued a century-old, locally-based tradition of veneration that did not strictly conform to the new “official” line. Emmerick's Weimar cult, and the modern saint-making process more generally, thus provide a window onto the push and pull between clergy and laity, men and women, institutional and popular forces, in shaping lived German Catholicism in the 1920s.

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“…9 However, few works deal exclusively with religion in occupied France. Patrick J. Houlihan emphasised the way in which transnational Catholicism brought some French Catholics closer to Catholic Bavarian troops, 10 whereas Carine Cnudde-Lecointre demonstrated that here, as elsewhere, certain Catholics viewed the war as a divine punishment for the sins of secular France. 11 This was partly why some individuals described the occupation as an expiatory experience, a 'Calvary' and 'martyrdom' .…”

Section: Religious Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Une sacrée désunion?

Connolly¹

2018

The Experience of Occupation in the Nord, 1914– 18

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Une sacrée désunion? Conflict continues Occupied culture drew on both prewar norms and the experience of daily interaction with the enemy; it did not mark a wholly clean break with what went before. The occupation did not erase all prewar conflicts and tensions, but provided a new context for these and fresh areas of contention. Only a few scholars have examined such division among the occupied population. Salson demonstrates that the Aisne experienced class conflict, 'social violence' and criticism of municipalities-especially regarding their role in food provisioning. 1 Nivet highlights the tensions between refugees evacuated further behind enemy lines and host populations. 2 Similar conflicts were present in the occupied Nord to varying degrees. 3 This chapter considers three important flashpoints: religious, political and social divisions. Studying these allows for a more comprehensive view of local reactions to the occupation and the gap between the expectations of occupied culture and the reality of occupied life. Naturally, complete unity among any population is impossible. In unoccupied France, attempts to impose a political and social Union Sacrée-an abandonment of pre-existing conflicts for the national goodbroke down by 1917 at the latest, 4 and the Union was often more a lofty aim than a lived reality. Yet postwar memoirs and histories regarding the occupied zone say little about social, political or religious divisions among locals, giving the impression of a real, permanent Union Sacrée here. This is best summarised by Gromaire's remark that: In general, the population acted in a dignified and exemplary fashion […] workers showed the greatest firmness and courage. The bourgeoisie moyenne remained in this period, as always, the backbone of the nation. It conserved a magnificent solidarity and a lucid awareness of its duties. Rich

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Local Catholicism as Transnational War Experience: Everyday Religious Practice in Occupied Northern France, 1914–1918

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

The Globalization of Christian Democracy: Religious Entanglements in the Making of Modern Politics

The Globalization of Christian Democracy: Religious Entanglements in the Making of Modern Politics

Domesticating a Mystic: Catholic Saint-Making in Weimar Germany

Une sacrée désunion?

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