Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth

East, Christine; Begg, Lisa; Henshall, Naomi E; Marchant, Paul; Wallace, Karen

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006304.pub3

Cited by 76 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A Cochrane review of local cooling to reduce perineal trauma sustained during childbirth provides us with some evidence of the safe and effective use of cryotherapy. The review looked at 10 studies, which included 1825 women, that compared the application of multiple cooling therapies such as ice, ice gel packs, cold baths, and cold packs to the affected area (40). One study showed that women had lower pain scores at 24 and 72 hours postpartum when ice packs were used (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Reduces Needle-Stick Pain Associated With Local Anesthetic Injection

et al. 2016

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BackgroundLocal anesthetic injections are widely used in the emergency department for different purposes. Pain management for such injections is of great importance to both patients and the healthcare system.ObjectivesOur study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of cryotherapy in patients receiving local anesthetic injections.MethodsSubjects who presented with superficial lacerations were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the first group received ice packing prior to injection and the second did not. The pain severity, length and depth of the laceration, and the other necessary information before and after the pain-reducing intervention were measured, documented, and compared at the end of the study. Pain scores were measured using a numerical rating scale before and after the procedure, and the differences were compared using a t-test.ResultsNinety subjects were enrolled in the study, 45 in each group. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of baseline preoperative and operative characteristics (P > 0.05). The pain scores in the cryotherapy group were significantly lower before and after the procedure (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for wound infection (P = 0.783).ConclusionsCooling the injection site prior to local anesthetic injection is an effective and inexpensive method to reduce the pain and discomfort caused by the injection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Reduces Needle-Stick Pain Associated With Local Anesthetic Injection

et al. 2016

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“…Non-drug treatments such as topical application of ice and cold gel packs applied to the perineal area can provide short term pain relief. 17 Figure 3⇓ illustrates "normal" healing of an episiotomy wound at three days after birth.…”

Section: Perineal Repair Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing perineal trauma after childbirth

Webb

Sherburn

Ismail

2014

BMJ

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specialist perineal midwife 1 , Margaret Sherburn women's health specialist physiotherapist 2 3 , Khaled M K Ismail professor of obstetrics and gynaecology 1 4 1 Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust,Every year millions of women worldwide sustain trauma to the perineum when giving birth. Around 6% of these women will have short term wound complications such as infection and dehiscence. 1 Some are also at risk of long term problems such as dyspareunia, pain, urinary and faecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and psychosocial problems. Correct assessment and repair of this trauma is therefore essential to help reduce long term complications. In this review we focus on the management of childbirth related perineal trauma that does not involve injury to the anal sphincter complex (this has been dealt with previously 2 )-that is, first and second degree perineal trauma. We provide healthcare professionals caring for women during childbirth and the postnatal period with an overview of the current best evidence for the assessment, repair, and postnatal management of perineal trauma to reduce the incidence of complications in the short and long term.

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“…3,4 A meta-analysis of cryotherapy use for perineal wounds after childbirth additionally did not find an increase in postoperative wound infections, although one of the trials analyzed noted increased edema and ecchymosis. 5 Our patients were all normothermic, and this is another excellent point made by the reviewers. Perhaps patients who cannot maintain normothermia will be at increased risk for surgical site infections, and this issue needs to be further investigated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%