Local delivery of insulin/IGF-1 for bone regeneration: carriers, strategies, and effects

Abstract

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, congenital malformation and infection are still a major challenge for clinicians. Biomimetic bone materials have attracted more and more attention in science and industry. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been increasingly recognized as an inducible factor for osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Spatiotemporal release of insulin may serve as the promising strategy. Considering the successful application of nanoparticles in drug loading, various insulin delivery systems have been developed, including (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA), hydroxyapatite (HA), gelatin, chitosan, alginate, and (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate, γ-PGA/β-TCP). Here, we have reviewed the progress on nanoparticles carrying insulin/IGF for bone regeneration. In addition, the key regulatory mechanism of insulin in bone regeneration is also summarized. The future application strategies and the challenges in bone regeneration are also discussed.

The Role of GH/IGF Axis in Dento-Alveolar Complex from Development to Aging and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review

“…Considering the plethoric data on recombinant GH/IGF in bone/cartilage maintenance and repair leading to the development of rhIGF1 as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against osteoarthritis, considering the continuous innovations in hydrogels and scaffolds used in bone repair (see [ 159 ] for review), considering the considerable progress in macromolecule synthesis and the multiple strategies of their delivery, including adenovirus, lentivirus, and now direct RNAs, the present review overviewed the recent knowledge on the GH/IGF axis with a focus on oral stem and mineralizing cells, thus allowing the opening of many perspectives to set up innovative strategies for the repair of the dento-alveolar tissues. These strategies include combinations of recombinant proteins associated or not with biomaterials or nanoparticles, and associated or not with the highly multipotent oral stem cells.…”

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Peripheral Nerve Injury

“…Several bioengineered carriers have been developed in recent years for local delivery of IGF-1. Comprised of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), alginate, poly(γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate, chitosan, gelatin, and PLGA/hyaluronic acid, these carriers have been shown to provide sustained, in vivo IGF-1 release profiles up to 30 days for applications including bone and cartilage regeneration ( Geiger et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Biological Functions of Let-7e-5p in Promoting the Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells

“…Moreover, the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway has considerable effects on the expression of various differentiation markers ( Darvin et al, 2013 ; Yu et al, 2018 ), and the activation of the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway promotes the expression of IGF-1 ( Moon et al, 2015 ; Zhang M. et al, 2018 ). The administration of IGF-1, a typical downstream target of STAT5, with nanoparticles to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which play a pivotal role in the regulation of bone formation, has become increasingly practiced ( Ishida et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ). IGF-1 treatment almost completely rescues all of the effects of GHR (–/–) on bone growth and remodeling, suggesting that IGF-1 directly affects the osteoblasts ( Sims et al, 2000 ).…”