Local Dispersion of the Eucalyptus Leaf-Beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Implications for Forest Protection

Clarke, A. R.; Zalucki, Myron P.; Madden, J. L.; Patel, V. S.; Paterson, S.

doi:10.2307/2404925

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moran's I, plotted for different lag distances, indicated that counts of adult T. vaporariorum on traps placed close together tended to be similar (positive spatial autocorrelation), whereas counts on traps placed further apart tended to display no correlation in this study (Figure 2). Significant positive values of I at small distance classes are a common phenomenon in biological systems, if the separation distances are short enough to capture underlying processes driving the aggregation (Clarke et al, 1997;Houle, 1998). The patterns of spatial dependency across separation distances in this study reflect the single linear gradient pattern Midgarden et al, 1993) which was previously identified from the two-dimensional contour maps of cherry tomato greenhouses of Korea (Kim et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Unbiased estimation of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, mean density using yellow sticky trap in cherry tomato greenhouses

Kim

Park

et al. 2001

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The spatial distribution of the count of adult greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), on yellow sticky traps was analyzed using Taylor's power law and spatial autocorrelation statistics in the cherry tomato greenhouses from 1998-1999. Samples were collected weekly using a cylindrically shaped yellow sticky trap placed in a 5 by 8 grid covering 0.10-0.15 ha in each of five cherry tomato greenhouses. Taylor's (1961) power law indicated that counts of T. vaporariorum on traps were aggregated within greenhouses. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that trap catches were similar (positively autocorrelated) to a distance of 12.5 m, and then dissimilar (negatively autocorrelated) at >12.5 m. Autocorrelation-lag plots showed a globally significant spatial relation in 34 of 57 sample-weeks according to Bonferroni's approximation. The presence of this spatial relation was not related to the changes of mean density. Trap counts at the second lag distance (12.5-25 m) showed little spatial autocorrelation and tended to be the most spatially independent. A fixed-precision-level sequential sampling plan was developed using the parameters from Taylor's power law. The presence of spatial dependency in data sets degraded the sampling plan's precision relative to performance in data sets lacking significant spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, to obtain an unbiased mean density of T. vaporariorum per greenhouse, sticky traps should be placed at least >12.5 m apart to ensure that they are spatially independent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Unbiased estimation of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, mean density using yellow sticky trap in cherry tomato greenhouses

Kim

Park

et al. 2001

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…This suggests adults were sensitive to variation between provenances, although the authors reported a significant trend for trees with an abundance of young flush foliage to suffer greater rates of infestation. As insect densities in a plantation increase, these oviposition preferences are likely to be reversed once initially preferred hosts suffer more extensive defoliation and become less attractive to ovipositing females relative to their neighbours (Carne, 1966; Clarke et al , 1997; Howlett, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential defoliation of Eucalyptus grandis arises from indiscriminant oviposition and differential larval survival

Henery¹,

Stone²,

Foley³

2009

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The influence of six open-pollinated families (OPFs) of Eucalyptus grandis on both the growth and development of larvae and the oviposition preference of a paropsine chrysomelid ( Paropsis atomaria ) was investigated. The OPFs had previously been identified as differing in their susceptibility to defoliation by P. atomaria in forestry progeny trials. 2 Oviposition preference for resistant and susceptible foliage was tested using binary choice tests. These tests did not demonstrate any significant preference for either resistant or susceptible open-pollinated material indicating that adult host preference for susceptible trees was not a likely cause of differential defoliation. 3 Quantification and analysis of growth and development parameters for all larval stages of P. atomaria showed that feeding on genetic material identified as resistant resulted in a significant reduction of relative growth rate of first instar larvae and an alteration to normal feeding behaviour. There was also a trend towards increased larval mortality on resistant E. grandis . 4 We argue that although the magnitude of these effects was minor, interactions with additional biotic and abiotic sources of mortality in the field have the potential, when magnified over successive generations, to result in significant variation in defoliation of host genotypes in the field.

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“…Our study highlights several implications for pest management. Because the effects of genotype mixes are likely to be subtle and not easily detected using standard field sampling techniques (Cantelo & Sanford 1984; Power 1991), and willow beetles are mobile and highly aggregated within the plantation, pest surveys must be intensive and regular throughout the season if the effects of mixtures are to be monitored with confidence (Clarke et al . 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the willow beetle Phratora vulgatissima to genetically and spatially diverse Salix spp. plantations

Peacock

Herrick

2000

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Phratora vulgatissima is the most serious pest of willow grown as short-rotation coppice in Britain. The eects of genetically diverse plantations of willow on beetle density, damage and oviposition were studied in a ®eld trial containing monocultures of willow varieties with dierent willow beetle susceptibility, and mixtures which diered in number and spatial con®guration of varieties. In addition, P. vulgatissima adults were introduced to potted willows in cages in a glasshouse as either a monoculture or a mixture of three varieties, and damage and oviposition were recorded. 2. Beetle density, damage and oviposition in the ®eld were generally lower in mixtures than in monocultures, especially with ®ve varieties rather than three and random structural composition rather than regular. In the caged experiment, where beetles could not migrate, there were no signi®cant dierences between the monoculture and the mixture for mean damage or oviposition on the two susceptible varieties. 3. Over time, the average beetle density per tree in the ®eld increased in the monocultures of susceptible varieties, yet decreased in the mixtures. The behavioural response of P. vulgatissima to vegetational diversity was consistent with the resource concentration hypothesis, with lower colonization in, and increased emigration from, mixtures compared with monocultures. 4. Genetically and spatially diverse willow mixtures provide a sound basis for pest management due to the propensity for movement by the beetles. As each movement necessitates the location of a new host plant, it is more dicult for beetles to ®nd favourable varieties in a genetically diverse mixture than in a monoculture. 5. Adult P. vulgatissima occur in mobile aggregations, so pest and damage surveys must be intensive and cover a wide time interval. An option for pest management is a mixture of ®ve willow varieties, at least one of which has low susceptibility to the willow beetle, grown in a random planting of varieties. The choice of variety is important, especially the susceptibility to the rust disease, as are physiological interactions between varieties that might aect beetle ecology.

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Local Dispersion of the Eucalyptus Leaf-Beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Implications for Forest Protection

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Unbiased estimation of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, mean density using yellow sticky trap in cherry tomato greenhouses

Unbiased estimation of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, mean density using yellow sticky trap in cherry tomato greenhouses

Differential defoliation of Eucalyptus grandis arises from indiscriminant oviposition and differential larval survival

Responses of the willow beetle Phratora vulgatissima to genetically and spatially diverse Salix spp. plantations

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