We have studied the impact of non-local electronic correlations at all length scales on the MottHubbard metal-insulator transition in the unfrustrated two-dimensional Hubbard model. Combining dynamical vertex approximation, lattice quantum Monte-Carlo and variational cluster approximation, we demonstrate that scattering at long-range fluctuations, i.e., Slater-like paramagnons, opens a spectral gap at weak-to-intermediate coupling -irrespectively of the preformation of localized or short-ranged magnetic moments. This is the reason, why the two-dimensional Hubbard model has a paramagnetic phase which is insulating at low enough temperatures for any (finite) interaction and no Mott-Hubbard transition is observed.
Introduction.The Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition (MIT) [1] is one of the most fundamental hallmarks of the physics of electronic correlations. Nonetheless, astonishingly little is known exactly, even for its simplest modeling, i.e., the single-band Hubbard Hamiltonian [2]: Exact solutions for this model are available only in the extreme, limiting cases of one and infinite dimensions.In one dimension (1D), the Bethe ansatz shows that there is actually no Mott-Hubbard transition [3][4][5]; or, in other words, it occurs for a vanishingly small Hubbard interaction U : At any U > 0 the 1D-Hubbard model is insulating at half filling. One dimension is, however, rather peculiar: While there is no antiferromagnetic ordering even at temperature T = 0, antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations are strong and long-ranged, decaying slowly, i.e., algebraically. Also the (doped) metallic phase is not a standard Fermi liquid but a Luttinger liquid.For the opposite extreme, infinite dimensions, the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) [6] becomes exact [7], which allows for a clear-cut and -to a certain extentalmost "idealized" description of a pure Mott-Hubbard MIT. In fact, since in D = ∞ only local correlations survive [7], the Mott-Hubbard insulator of DMFT consists of a collection of localized (but not long-range ordered) magnetic moments. This way, if antiferromagnetic order is neglected or sufficiently suppressed, DMFT describes a first-order MIT [6,8], ending with a critical endpoint.As an approximation, DMFT is applicable to the more realistic cases of the three-and two-dimensional Hubbard models. However, the DMFT description of the MIT is the very same here, since only the non-interacting density of states (DOS) and in particular its second moment enter. This is a natural shortcoming of the mean-field nature of DMFT: antiferromagnetic fluctuations have no effect at all on the DMFT spectral function or self-energy above the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature T N .In 3D, antiferromagnetic fluctuations reduce T N siz-