Local Enhancement for Food Finding by Rooks (<i>Corvus frugilegus</i>) Foraging on Grassland

Waite, R. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1981.tb01310.x

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2007; 17 Rapaport & Brown 2008; 18 Sonerud et al. 2001; 19 Waite 1981; 20 Marzluff et al. 1996; 21 Clayton & Emery 2007.…”

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Marler’s (1996) cautionary note concerning the different research perspectives of ornithologists and primatologists should be remembered here, especially given the fact that all 76 avian experimental studies were positive accounts of social learning. Indeed, there are field studies indicating that corvids’ foraging strategies are subject to social influence; for example, local enhancement accounted for the decision of rooks to forage near other birds (Waite 1981); Florida scrub‐jays learned a novel foraging technique via social learning (Midford et al. 2000); and roosts function as information centres in ravens (Marzluff et al.…”

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution?

2009

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Intelligence is suggested to have evolved in primates in response to complexities in the environment faced by their ancestors. Corvids, a large‐brained group of birds, have been suggested to have undergone a convergent evolution of intelligence [Emery & Clayton (2004) Science, Vol. 306, pp. 1903–1907]. Here we review evidence for the proposal from both ultimate and proximate perspectives. While we show that many of the proposed hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of great ape intelligence also apply to corvids, further study is needed to reveal the selective pressures that resulted in the evolution of intelligent behaviour in both corvids and apes. For comparative proximate analyses we emphasize the need to be explicit about the level of analysis to reveal the type of convergence that has taken place. Although there is evidence that corvids and apes solve social and physical problems with similar speed and flexibility, there is a great deal more to be learned about the representations and algorithms underpinning these computations in both groups. We discuss recent comparative work that has addressed proximate questions at this level, and suggest directions for future research.

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“…2007; 17 Rapaport & Brown 2008; 18 Sonerud et al. 2001; 19 Waite 1981; 20 Marzluff et al. 1996; 21 Clayton & Emery 2007.…”

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution?

2009

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“…This might be due to the effect of local enhancement: the exploitation of food resources can be increased by high numbers of individuals (also of different species) joining in foraging actions (e.g. Waite 1981). Individual food intake rate can be increased by foraging within larger flocks, as high individual numbers indicate high food availability.…”

Section: Dietary and Behavioural Habitat Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area utilization of gulls in a coastal farmland landscape: habitat mosaic supports niche segregation of opportunistic species

Schwemmer¹,

Garthe²,

Mundry

2008

Landscape Ecol

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The intensively farmed coastal lowland landscape of Germany, adjacent to the North Sea, provides important foraging opportunities for Blackheaded, Common, Herring and Lesser Black-backed gull (Larus ridibundus, L. canus, L. argentatus and L. fuscus). We expected that spatial and temporal utilization of the landscape mosaic as well as behavioural traits and utilization of food resources would differ between these closely related species, facilitating niche segregation. We recorded habitat types and their utilization by the four species over a whole year. Furthermore, we related species abundance to several abiotic parameters. Black-headed and Common gulls were the most numerous species in the study area throughout the year. In general, the former species preferred bare fields with recently prepared soils and was often associated with tractors in the fields, whereas the latter species was most often found on pastures. Black-headed gulls seem to have a higher ability to exploit ephemeral, food sources associated with human activities whereas common gulls prefer habitats with low human activity and with naturally distributed prey. The most prominent abiotic parameter influencing gull abundance was presence of tractors. Black-headed gulls have most likely benefited from recent changes in agricultural practice, particularly the increase in cropped land, while Common gulls may have suffered from a decline in pastures. At present, utilization of the farmland habitat mosaic leads to niche segregation and supports coexistence, as two of the four gull species mainly forage in the marine environment, while there is significant habitat partitioning between the other two temporally, spatially and behaviourally.

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“…Moreover, the activity of individuals who already perceived the presence of prey may have attracted the attention of additional group members, resulting in more and faster captures. This effect, termed local enhancement, has been confirmed in cliff swallows and in wasps (D'Adamo, Corley, Sackmann, & Lozada, ; Waite, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Advantages of social foraging in crab spiders: Groups capture more and larger prey despite the absence of a web

2018

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Among group‐living spiders, subsocial representatives in the family of crab spiders (Thomisidae) are a special case, as they build protective communal leaf nests instead of extensive communal capture webs. It could thus be inferred that antipredator benefits (e.g., enhanced protection in larger nests) rather than foraging‐related advantages (e.g., capture of more and larger prey) promote sociality in this family. Nonetheless, subsocial crab spiders do share prey, and if this behaviour does not reflect mere food scramble but has a cooperative character, crab spiders may offer insights into the evolution of social foraging applicable to many other cooperative predators that hunt without traps. Here, we performed a comparative laboratory feeding experiment on three of the four subsocial crab spider species—Australomisidia ergandros, Australomisidia socialis and Xysticus bimaculatus—to determine if crab spiders derive advantages from foraging in groups. In particular, we tested artificially composed groups of five sibling spiderlings vs. single siblings in terms of prey capture success and prey size preference. Across species, groups had higher prey capture success (measured in terms of capture rates and capture latency) and were more likely to attack large, sharable prey—dynamics leading to reduced food competition among group members in favour of living and foraging in groups. Within groups, we further compared prey extraction efficiency among the three applied social foraging tactics: producing, scrounging and feeding alone. In A. ergandros, individuals were exceptionally efficient when using the non‐cooperative scrounger tactic, which entails feeding on the prey provided by others. Thus, our multispecies comparison confirms foraging advantages in maintaining a cooperative lifestyle for crab spiders, but also demonstrates the relevance of research into exploitation of cooperative foraging in this family.

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Local Enhancement for Food Finding by Rooks (Corvus frugilegus) Foraging on Grassland

Cited by 51 publications

References 24 publications

Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution?

Intelligence in Corvids and Apes: A Case of Convergent Evolution?

Area utilization of gulls in a coastal farmland landscape: habitat mosaic supports niche segregation of opportunistic species

Advantages of social foraging in crab spiders: Groups capture more and larger prey despite the absence of a web

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