Using Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan novels as case study, this article presents a cognitive approach to fictionality
and authorial intention using Text World Theory and Mind-Modelling. It investigates two forms of ontological distortion: readers’
(mis)classification of the novels’ genre (as autofiction or autobiography) and the problem posed by the author’s pseudonymic
identity. The analysis has three parts: first, I conduct a Text World analysis of the novels’ syntactic/stylistic similarities to
autobiography and, in doing so, reveal its ontological structure; second, I consider the ontological liminality of narration and
the ways in which readers build an authorial mind-model of Ferrante; thirdly, I explore the assessment of critics and/as readers
of the text’s fictionality and the impact of Ferrante’s pseudonym on perceptions of authorial intentionality and the authorial
mind-model. Ultimately, I argue that a cognitive approach offers greatest insight into readers’ interpretations of authors and of
fictionality.