Local Polyploid Variation in the Native Prairie Grass Andropogon gerardii

Keeler, Kathleen H.

doi:10.2307/2445049

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Such was the power of these new approaches that within a period of only 10 years, polyploidy research transitioned from complete reliance on traditional microscopy to heavy integration of other methods. Notable research efforts from this transitional period include Kathleen Keeler's studies of the North American prairie grass Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) [165,167,168] [182][183][184]. The aforementioned projects focused on geographical and environmental distributions of cytotypes in the wild, but also included some experimental manipulations.…”

Section: The Modern Era (A) An Influx Of Population Biologists (1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

250

237

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Polyploidy is a mutation with profound phenotypic consequences and thus hypothesized to have transformative effects in plant ecology. This is most often considered in the context of geographical and environmental distributions—as achieved from divergence of physiological and life-history traits—but may also include species interactions and biological invasion. This paper presents a historical overview of hypotheses and empirical data regarding the ecology of polyploids. Early researchers of polyploidy (1910s–1930s) were geneticists by training but nonetheless savvy to its phenotypic effects, and speculated on the importance of genome duplication to adaptation and crop improvement. Cytogenetic studies in the 1930s–1950s indicated that polyploids are larger (sturdier foliage, thicker stems and taller stature) than diploids while cytogeographic surveys suggested that polyploids and diploids have allopatric or parapatric distributions. Although autopolyploidy was initially regarded as common, influential writings by North American botanists in the 1940s and 1950s argued for the principle role of allopolyploidy; according to this view, genome duplication was significant for providing a broader canvas for hybridization rather than for its phenotypic effects per se . The emphasis on allopolyploidy had a chilling effect on nascent ecological work, in part due to taxonomic challenges posed by interspecific hybridization. Nonetheless, biosystematic efforts over the next few decades (1950s–1970s) laid the foundation for ecological research by documenting cytotype distributions and identifying phenotypic correlates of polyploidy. Rigorous investigation of polyploid ecology was achieved in the 1980s and 1990s by population biologists who leveraged flow cytometry for comparative work in autopolyploid complexes. These efforts revealed multi-faceted ecological and phenotypic differences, some of which may be direct consequences of genome duplication. Several classical hypotheses about the ecology of polyploids remain untested, however, and allopolyploidy—regarded by most botanists as the primary mode of genome duplication—is largely unstudied in an ecological context.

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Section: The Modern Era (A) An Influx Of Population Biologists (1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ramsey

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

250

237

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“…As most ecological variables are spatially structured (Legendre & Legendre, 1998), ecological differentiation between cytotypes leads to the expectation of patchy distribution of the cytotypes within a population. Only few studies have investigated spatial patterns within populations of coexisting cytotypes (Keeler, 1992;Meirmans et al, 1999;Husband & Schemske, 2000;Hardy & Vekemans, 2001). Husband & Schemske (2000) and Hardy & Vekemans (2001) found significant patterns in their species, respectively, Chamerion angustifolium and Centaurea jacea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecological and genetic structure of a mixed population of sexual diploid and apomictic triploid dandelions

Meirmans

Vlot

Nijs

et al. 2003

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Ecological differentiation is widely seen as an important factor enabling the stable coexistence of closely related plants of different ploidy levels. We studied ecological and genetic differentiation between co-occurring sexual diploid and apomictic triploid Taraxacum section Ruderalia by analysing spatial patterns both in the distribution of cytotypes and in the distribution of genetic variation within and between the cytotypes. A significant relationship between ploidy level and elevation was found. This mode of ecological differentiation however, was not sufficient to explain the significant spatial structure in the distribution of diploids and triploids within the population. Strong congruence was found between the spatial genetic patterns within the diploids and within the triploids. We argue that this congruence is an indication of gene flow between neighbouring plants of different ploidy levels.

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“…However, a significant source of error affecting estimates of DNA amount in plant nuclei continues to be the lack of proper calibration of target species against reliable standards of known DNA amount. Most of the published DNA values for plants have been calibrated directly or indirectly Smith, 1976, 1991;Bennett and Leitch, 1995) to Allium cepa (2C DNA content ϭ 33.55 pg; Van't Hof, 1965), but some have been calibrated against chicken erythrocytes or other animal nuclear standards (e.g., Dhillon, Berlyn, and Miksche, 1977;Arumuganathan and Earle, 1991;Costich et al, 1993;Kankanpaa, Mannonen, and Schulman, 1996;and Keeler, 1992). Many such animal DNA contents directly or indirectly go back to the chemically determined value of 2.52 pg per erythrocyte nucleus for the chicken (Rasch, Barr, and Rasch, 1971).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many such animal DNA contents directly or indirectly go back to the chemically determined value of 2.52 pg per erythrocyte nucleus for the chicken (Rasch, Barr, and Rasch, 1971). In some reports, e.g., Arumuganathan and Earle (1991), Kankanpaa, Mannonen, and Schulman (1996), and Keeler (1992), the DNA content of the chicken used was unknown and an assumed DNA content was used. This may result in significant error in estimated DNA contents, as there is considerable reported variation in DNA content among chicken lines (Bennett and Leitch, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference standards for determination of DNA content of plant nuclei

Johnston¹,

Bennett

Rayburn

et al. 1999

American J of Botany

243

173

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Flow cytometry was used to compare 14 potential reference standards for plant DNA content determination. Both chicken and plant internal standards were used, as were propidium iodide (PI) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as fluorochromes. Means and standard errors of the means are presented for the 14 potential reference standards, and the means are compared to those obtained by Feulgen densitometry. Five species are recommended as an initial set of international standards for future plant DNA content determinations: Sorghum bicolor cv. Pioneer 8695 (2C = 1.74 pg), Pisum sativum cv. Minerva Maple (2C = 9.56 pg), Hordeum vulgare cv. Sultan (2C = 11.12 pg), Vicia faba (2C = 26.66 pg), and Allium cepa cv. Ailsa Craig (2C = 33.55 pg). It is recommended that the reference standard of choice be one with 2C and 4C nuclear DNA content peaks similar to, but not overlapping, the 2C and 4C peaks of the target species. We recommend PI as the fluorochrome of choice for flow cytometric determination of plant DNA content. DAPI should be used only if the estimated DNA value is corroborated by using a second stain that has no bias for AT- or GC-rich sequences within genomes.

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Local Polyploid Variation in the Native Prairie Grass Andropogon gerardii

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Ecological studies of polyploidy in the 100 years following its discovery

Spatial ecological and genetic structure of a mixed population of sexual diploid and apomictic triploid dandelions

Reference standards for determination of DNA content of plant nuclei

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