“…In-situ -forming injectable hydrogels as implantable biomaterials/devices have attracted tremendous attention because of their minimally invasive administration mode [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] ]. In particular, thermosensitive and biodegradable hydrogels comprised of copolymers of hydrophobic polyesters, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly( ε -caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly( ε -caprolactone- co -glycolic acid) (PCGA), poly( ε -caprolactone- co -lactic acid) (PCLA), and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are free-flowing polymer aqueous solutions at low or ambient temperature; however, they exhibit sol-gel transitions in response to the changes in temperature [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ].…”