Local structure of nanoporous carbons

A multi-method study of the transformation of the carbonaceous skeleton of a polymer-based nanoporous carbon along the activation pathway

“…The skeleton density for the C0 material is consistent with that obtained previously by others for a PFA-based carbon obtained using a carbonization temperature of 800°C [13]. The increasing trend of the skeleton density with conversion seen here is in line with that observed by Burket et al [17].…”

“…The first is the shoulder on the first peak at around 1.8 Å, whilst the second is a distinct but small peak at 3.3 Å. A number of other groups report similar features for carbon materials, including activated carbons [65,83,84], non-graphitizing carbons [13,65] and even coals [85]. Interestingly, the first of these features is absent from the C0 carbon but develops during activation.…”

“…[64]), He pycnometry [63] (e.g. [13]), analysis of the small-r region of the PDF [43] (e.g. [65]), and from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) [66,67].…”

“…in pyrolysis/carbonization and graphitization) (e.g. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]). Far less effort has, however, been directed towards elucidating the evolution of the skeleton when heating occurs in the presence of oxidizing gases (i.e.…”

Raman spectroscopy study of the transformation of the carbonaceous skeleton of a polymer-based nanoporous carbon along the thermal annealing pathway

“…It is generally accepted that the skeleton is largely composed of nanometre-sized sp 2 -dominated building blocks [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Careful diffraction [5,[7][8][9][10] and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [2,3,11] studies suggest these building blocks could be characterised as defective graphene-like layers with limited stacking order. Apart from the abundance of inter-layer boundaries due to their nanoscale size, intra-layer defects have also been observed in recent atomic-resolution electron microscopy studies [12][13][14], including in the form of non-hexagonal rings.…”