Local Vaccine Site Reactions and Contact Allergy to Aluminum

Beveridge, Mara; Polcari, Ingrid C.; Burns, Jennifer L.; Adler, Amos; Hendrickson, Barbara A.; Stein, Sarah L.

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01541.x

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These reactions can develop weeks, months, or even years after injection of an Al-containing vaccine (Leventhal et al 2012). Histological examinations of biopsies from the injection sites revealed granulomatous and foreign body reactions (Garcia-Patos et al 1995) and people with hypersensitivity to Al-containing vaccines generally demonstrate positive patch testing to Al (Bergfors and Trollfors 2012, Beveridge et al 2011, Lehman et al 2008, Netterlid et al 2013). …”

Section: Immunology and Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts

Willhite¹,

Karyakina²,

Yokel³

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

339

201

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Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability.Address for correspondence: Calvin C. Willhite, Risk Sciences International, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 700, Ottawa, ON, Canada. calvinwillhite@hotmail.com. Declaration of interestPartial funding for this work was provided by a contract to review the recent scientific literature on health effects of aluminum between the International Aluminium Institute (IAI, www.world-aluminium.org), the Aluminium Reach Consortium (ARC, www.aluminium-reach-consortium.eu), and Risk Sciences International (RSI, www.risksciences.com), a Canadian company established in 2006 in partnership with the University of Ottawa. Additional financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to D. Krewski, who holds the NSERC Chair in Risk Science at the University of Ottawa. C.C. Willhite, N.A. Karyakina, F. Momoli, and N. Yenugadhati were compensated by RSI for their contributions to the review. I. Arnold, T. Wisniewski and R. Yokel received no compensation from RSI for their contributions to this work. The authors, whose affiliations are shown on the title page, had sole responsibility for preparation of this paper, including determining the strategy for reviewing the scientific literature summarized in this article, synthesizing the findings, and drawing conclusions. Scientists associated with IAI/ARC were given the opportunity to review and offer technical comments on the paper, prior to submission to Critical Reviews in Toxicology. I. Arnold serves as a consultant to the International Aluminium Institute. None of the authors have appeared before regulatory agencies on behalf of the sponsors, or appeared as experts in legal proceedings concerning matters reviewed in this paper. The scientific opinions and conclusions expressed in the paper are exclusively those of the authors, and are independent of the sources of financial support. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptThe present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007). The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.

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Section: Immunology and Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts

Willhite¹,

Karyakina²,

Yokel³

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

339

201

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“…8, 9 Local erythema and induration are more common after aluminum-containing vaccines compared with aluminum-free vaccines. 10 Although mild vaccination site reactions are most commonly reported, 11 persistence of erythema, sterile abscess, 12 or subcutaneous nodules weeks to months after vaccination can also occur. 10, 13 -27 Lesions and severe pruritus may develop within days to months after vaccination, may last for years, and may be recalcitrant to treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies used diluted aluminum chloride. 12 Given our patient's positive reaction to the empty Finn chamber, we did not proceed to testing with the standard preparation, however many reports test both chamber and reagent simultaneously to limit the number of potential office visits.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report of Subcutaneous Nodules and Sterile Abscesses Due to Delayed Type Hypersensitivity to Aluminum-Containing Vaccines

Lauren

Belsito²,

Morel

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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Routine childhood immunizations have resulted in great reductions in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Vaccine-related adverse events, albeit rare, can be of significant consequence. Although anaphylaxis, or type I hypersensitivity, is recognized as a potential reaction after vaccination, delayed type hypersensitivity or type IV reactions are less so. We present a case of persistent subcutaneous nodules and sterile abscesses in the setting of delayed type hypersensitivity to aluminum, confirmed by patch testing and recurrence on re-exposure. We review sources of aluminum in common immunizations, principles for treatment, and strategies for management of future vaccinations for this patient.

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“…Commonly localized inflammatory reactions (e.g., pain, erythema, swelling, pruritis, edema), are antigen driven and develop within the first hours/days post vaccine administration and subside within a few days. 3 Less commonly, an irritant or allergic hypersensitivity reaction can occur and is typically related to non-medicinal vaccine ingredients. 4 Preservatives in vaccines (e.g., thimerosal, phenoxyethanol), adjuvants (e.g., aluminum) and antimicrobials (e.g., neomycin) are among the common putative culprits of non-COVID-19 vaccine-related DSR.…”

Section: List Of Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Preservatives in vaccines (e.g., thimerosal, phenoxyethanol), adjuvants (e.g., aluminum) and antimicrobials (e.g., neomycin) are among the common putative culprits of non-COVID-19 vaccine-related DSR. 3 However, these excipients are not found in the COVID-19 vaccines. Hence, what drives DSR in COVID-19 vaccines is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%