Local Variations in Carbohydrates and Matrix Lignin in Mechanically Graded Bamboo Culms

Jin, Kexia; Ling, Zhe; Jin, Zhi; Ma, Jiangfeng; Yang, Shumin; Liu, Xinge; Jiang, Zehui

doi:10.3390/polym14010143

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This is consistent with the literature "the difference of lignin components reflects the difference of cell functions" [10]. In particular, the variation in the modulus was mainly due to the variation in the cell wall lignification level and its composition [12]. The observed difference in the modulus of elasticity between developing and fully lignified cell walls is due to the filling of the spaces with lignin and an increase in the packing density of the cell wall during lignification [27].…”

Section: Variation Of Lignin Content Of Sw and CC In Different Agessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Along the radius bamboo culm the modulus, hardness and carbohydrates concentration also had a gradient trend [30]. The change trend of elastic modulus and hardness was positive correlation with lignin content, and the carbohydrate concentration was negative correlation with lignin content [12]. This is the relationship between the lignin distribution in micro-morphological regions and the macro properties of bamboo.…”

Section: Variation Of Lignin Content Of Sw and CC In Different Radial Locationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It is the important component of the fibre cell wall, parenchyma cell wall, and vessel cell wall [11]. Therefore, understanding the structural distribution of bamboo lignin on the cell wall, especially "seeing" the micro structure of bamboo in the sense of chemical element distribution, is of great significance for making full use of bamboo lignin resources [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin Distribution on Cell Wall Micro-Morphological Regions of Fibre in Developmental Phyllostachys pubescens Culms

et al. 2022

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Bamboo is a natural fibre reinforced composite with excellent performance which is, to a certain extent, an alternative to the shortage of wood resources. The heterogeneous distribution and molecular structure of lignin is one of the factors that determines its performance, and it is the key and most difficult component in the basic research into the chemistry of bamboo and in bamboo processing and utilization. In this study, the distribution of lignin components and lignin content in micro-morphological regions were measured in semi-quantitative level by age and radial location by means of visible-light microspectrophotometry (VLMS) coupled with the Wiesner and Maule reaction. There as guaiacyl lignin and syringyl lignin in the cell wall of the fibre. Lignin content of the secondary cell wall and cell corner increased at about 10 days, reached a maximum at 1 year, and then decreased gradually. From 17 days to 4 years, the lignin content of the secondary cell wall in the outer part of bamboo is higher than that in the middle part (which is, in turn, higher than that in the inner part of the bamboo). VLSM results of the micro-morphological regions showed that bamboo lignification developed by aging. Guaiacyl and syringl lignin units can be found in the cell wall of the fibre, parenchyma, and vessel. There was a difference in lignin content among different ages, different radial location, and different micro-morphological regions of the cell wall. The fibre walls were rich in guaiacyl lignin in the early stage of lignification and rich in syringyl units in the later stage of lignification. The guaiacyl and syringyl lignin deposition of bamboo green was earlier than that of the middle part of bamboo culm, and that of the middle part of bamboo culm was earlier than that of bamboo yellow. The single molecule lignin content of the thin layer is higher than that of thick layers, while the primary wall is higher than the secondary cell wall, showing that lignin deposition is consistent with the rules of cell wall formation. The obtained cytological information is helpful to understand the origin of the anisotropic, physical, mechanical, chemical, and machining properties of bamboo.

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Section: Variation Of Lignin Content Of Sw and CC In Different Agessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Variation Of Lignin Content Of Sw and CC In Different Radial Locationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin Distribution on Cell Wall Micro-Morphological Regions of Fibre in Developmental Phyllostachys pubescens Culms

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, for the ber located at various position of bamboo culm, the ratio of I 1095 /I 2939 is almost constant in all the successive broad lamellae, while the ratio in the adjacent narrow layer changed obviously, with the maximum value (0.82) in the outer narrow lamellae of Bt. Our previous work has shown that the along the radius of bamboo culm the elastic modulus had a gradient decreasing trend for the broad layer of ber located at Bg, Bt and By (Jin et al 2021) in accordance with tendency of Mf orientation. Raman images by integrating over the narrow area of the C-O-C asymmetric stretching region (1083-1100 cm -1 ) are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Micro Angle Distribution At Cell Wall Layerssupporting

confidence: 56%

Gradient variations of cellulose supramolecular structures in moso bamboo culm: from nano- to microhorizons

et al. 2023

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The radially gradient variation in the cellulose supramolecular structures of bamboo culm were systematically studied by XRD and the confocal Raman microspectroscopy. XRD analysis indicated that bamboo yellow (By) has the isotropic crystallite arrangements, while outer bamboo timber (Bt) and bamboo green (Bg) display preferred orientation of crystals. Moreover, both the crystallinity and crystallite sizes notably grow from the inner By to the outer Bg. Raman band ratio (I 1095 /I 2939 ) was used to predict micro brils angle (MFA) in different cell wall types, semi-qualitatively. The results showed that the ratio was the highest in parenchyma, followed by narrow layer of ber wall, and the lowest in the broad layer, which indicated the higher MFA in the parenchyma. Interestingly, the ratio decreased along the successive and alternating broad and narrow lamellae of ber wall, in accordance with cell wall micromechanical trend. The ndings will favor the large-scale utilization for the bamboo-based exible composites.

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“…The process of obtaining XOS involves hydrolyzing the hemicellulose component using specific enzymes (endo-xylanase or β-xylosidase) or chemical methods (mild acid hydrolysis and hydrothermal pretreatment). Among these lignocellulosic biomasses, bamboo shoots (BS) are the most promising substrate for preparing XOS due to their high content of carbohydrates and low amounts of lignin [6,7]. Traditionally, BS has been recognized as a key ingredient in domestic food preparations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the In Vitro and In Vivo Prebiotic Effects of Different Xylo-Oligosaccharides Obtained from Bamboo Shoots by Hydrothermal Pretreatment Combined with Endo-Xylanase Hydrolysis

Deng,

Yun,

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) enriched with high fractions of X2-X3 are regarded as an effective prebiotic for regulating the intestinal microflora. In this study, the original XOS solution was obtained from bamboo shoots through hydrothermal pretreatment under optimized conditions. Subsequently, enzymatic hydrolysis with endo-xylanase was performed on the original XOS solution to enhance the abundance of the X2-X3 fractions. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment yielded 21.24% of XOS in the hydrolysate solution, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the proportion of the X2-X3 fractions from 38.87% to 68.21%. Moreover, the XOS solutions with higher amounts of X2-X3 fractions exhibited superior performance in promoting the growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro, leading to increased production of short-chain fatty acids. In the in vivo colitis mouse model, XOS solutions with higher contents of X2-X3 fractions demonstrated enhanced efficacy against intestinal inflammation. Compared with the colitis mice (model group), the XOS solution with higher X2-X3 fractions (S1 group) could significantly increase the number of Streptomyces in the intestinal microflora, while the original XOS solution (S2 group) could significantly increase the number of Bacteroides in the intestinal microflora of colitis mice. In addition, the abundances of Alcaligenes and Pasteurella in the intestinal microflora of the S1 and S2 groups were much lower than in the model group. This effect was attributed to the ability of these XOS solutions to enhance species diversity, reversing the imbalance and disorder within the intestinal microflora. Overall, this work highlights the outstanding potential of XOS enriched with high contents of X2-X3 fractions as a regulator of the intestinal microbiota and as an anti-colitis agent.

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Local Variations in Carbohydrates and Matrix Lignin in Mechanically Graded Bamboo Culms

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Lignin Distribution on Cell Wall Micro-Morphological Regions of Fibre in Developmental Phyllostachys pubescens Culms

Lignin Distribution on Cell Wall Micro-Morphological Regions of Fibre in Developmental Phyllostachys pubescens Culms

Gradient variations of cellulose supramolecular structures in moso bamboo culm: from nano- to microhorizons

Evaluating the In Vitro and In Vivo Prebiotic Effects of Different Xylo-Oligosaccharides Obtained from Bamboo Shoots by Hydrothermal Pretreatment Combined with Endo-Xylanase Hydrolysis

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