Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots

Mann, Adrien; Thompson, Allie; Robbins, Nathan; Blomkalns, Andra L.

doi:10.3791/52174

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The body weight change of each animal was calculated every week. Besides, after the decapitation inguinal and visceral epididymal adipose fat depot isolated (Mann, Thompson, Robbins, & Blomkalns, ), washed in ice‐cold saline, blotted between tow filter papered, and weighed. The fat index was estimated from the ratio of total fat weight (inguinal and epididymal fat weight) to the body weight of the animal at the end of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

Rameshrad

Razavi

Imenshahidi

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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The mechanisms of bisphenol‐A (BPA)‐induced metabolic syndrome as well as the protective role of grape seed extract (GSE) and resveratrol were investigated. Rats were treated with BPA (0 and 35 mg·kg−1·day−1, gavage) plus resveratrol (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) or GSE (3, 6, 12 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) or vitamin E (200 IU/kg/every other day, i.p.). After 2 months, mean systolic blood pressure, serum lipid profile, glycaemia, and fat index were examined. By enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, the serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and paraoxonase 1, and by real‐time polymerase chain reaction as well as western blotting, key liver elements in cholesterol hemostasis (LDLR, CYP7A1, ABCG5 and 8) and insulin signaling (p‐Akt/Akt and p‐PI3K/PI3K) were measured. BPA increased mean systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduced paraoxonase1 and the hepatic expression of both ABCG5 and ABCG8. It increased the body fat index, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glycaemia level and decreased the hepatic protein expression of p‐Akt/Akt and p‐PI3K/PI3k. GSE, resveratrol, or vitamin E coadministration along with BPA restored the detrimental effects of BPA in some levels. Herein, the predisposing effects of BPA‐induced metabolic syndrome were restored by GSE and resveratrol, linked to the regulation of insulin signaling, ABCG8 expression, and their antioxidant properties.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

Rameshrad

Razavi

Imenshahidi

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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show abstract

“…The following organs were dissected and weighed: heart, liver, spleen, quadriceps, and soleus muscle. For visceral and brown fat dissection, we followed Mann et al . All dissected organs and tissues not used for histological analyses were weighed in precision balance and frozen under −80°C. Histological analysis: The tibia‐tarsal joint, tiabialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscle of the DBA/1J animals were dissected and immersed in 10% buffered formalin for fixation for up to 3 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collagen‐induced arthritis as an animal model of rheumatoid cachexia

Alabarse

Lora

Silva

et al. 2018

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis is characterized by chronic polyarticular synovitis and presents systemic changes that impact quality of life, such as impaired muscle function, seen in up to 66% of the patients. This can progress to severely debilitating state known as rheumatoid cachexia—without loss of fat mass and body weight—for which there is little consensus in terms of diagnosis or treatment. This study aims to evaluate whether the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) animal model also develops clinical and functional features characteristic of rheumatoid cachexia.MethodsMale DBA1/J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: healthy animals (CO, n = 11) and CIA animals (n = 13). The clinical score and edema size, animal weight and food intake, free exploratory locomotion, grip strength, and endurance exercise performance were tested 0, 18, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days after disease induction. After euthanasia, several organs, visceral and brown fat, and muscles were dissected and weighed. Muscles were used to assess myofiber diameter. Ankle joint was used to assess arthritis severity by histological score. Statistical analysis were performed using one‐way and two‐way analyses of variance followed by Tukey's and Bonferroni's test or t‐test of Pearson and statistical difference were assumed for a P value under 0.05.ResultsThe CIA had significantly higher arthritis scores and larger hind paw edema volumes than CO. The CIA had decreased endurance exercise performance total time (fatigue; 23, 22, 24, and 21% at 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), grip strength (27, 55, 63, 60, and 66% at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), free locomotion (43, 57, 59, and 66% at 35, 45, 55, and 65 days, respectively), and tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle weight (25 and 24%, respectively) compared with CO. Sarcoplasmic ratios were also reduced in CIA (TA: 23 and GA: 22% less sarcoplasmic ratio), confirming the atrophy of skeletal muscle mass in these animals than in CO. Myofiber diameter was also reduced 45% in TA and 41% in GA in CIA when compared with the CO. Visceral and brown fat were lighter in CIA (54 and 39%, respectively) than CO group.ConclusionsThe CIA model is a valid experimental model for rheumatoid cachexia given that the clinical changes observed were similar to those described in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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“…Fat pads were dissected 49 . GFP content was measured according to a previously published method with modifications 5 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting Visceral Fat by Intraperitoneal Delivery of Novel AAV Serotype Vector Restricting Off-Target Transduction in Liver

Huang

Liu

Queen

et al. 2017

Molecular Therapy - Methods & Clinical Development

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It is challenging to genetically manipulate fat in adults. We demonstrate that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of an engineered adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype Rec2 leads to high transduction of multiple visceral fat depots at a dose of 1 to 2 orders lower than commonly used doses for systemic gene delivery. To target adipose tissue, we develop a single AAV vector harboring two expression cassettes: one using the CBA promoter to drive transgene expression and one using the liver-specific albumin promoter to drive a microRNA-targeting WPRE sequence that only exists in this AAV vector. This dual-cassette vector achieves highly selective transduction of visceral fat while severely restricting off-target transduction of liver. As proof of efficacy, i.p. administration of an adipose-targeting Rec2 vector harboring the leptin gene corrects leptin deficiency, obesity, and metabolic syndromes of ob/ob mice. This study provides a powerful tool to genetically manipulate fat for basic research and gene therapies of genetic and acquired diseases.

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Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

Vitis vinifera (grape) seed extract and resveratrol alleviate bisphenol‐A‐induced metabolic syndrome: Biochemical and molecular evidences

Collagen‐induced arthritis as an animal model of rheumatoid cachexia

Targeting Visceral Fat by Intraperitoneal Delivery of Novel AAV Serotype Vector Restricting Off-Target Transduction in Liver

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