Localization of Genomic Regions Specific for the Attenuated, Mouse-adapted Poliovirus Type 2 Strain W-2

Pevear, Daniel C.; Oh, Chad K.; Cunningham, Laura; Calenoff, Miriam A.; Jubelt, Burk

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-71-1-43

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The virion is composed of a positive single strand of RNA of approximately 7,400 nucleotides and a 3 0 poly-A tail (Pevear et al 1990). The polyprotein is translated as one long single protein, which is then cleaved to form all the individual viral proteins (Kitamuri et al 1981).…”

Section: The Enteroviruses: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus Infections

Jubelt¹

2012

Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System

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The human enteroviruses (EV) comprise one group of the picornavirus family. The best known members are the polioviruses (PV), coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses. They replicate in the oropharynx and gastrointestinal (GI) tract and are primarily spread by fecal-hand-oral contamination. With systemic invasion nonspecific febrile illness occurs as well as specific syndromes (rashes, hand-footand-mouth disease, herpangina, pleurodynia, myocarditis/pericarditis, and conjunctivitis). With systemic replication a high level viremia may result in central nervous system (CNS) invasion. EV activity can be endemic in warm climates or epidemic in temperate climates. In temperate climates, because of improved hygiene, newborns were not exposed to EV until they were older, resulting in large epidemics of poliomyelitis, which were finally curtailed with the killed PV vaccines in the 1950s and the live oral PV vaccines in the 1960s. Today, "aseptic" meningitis is the most common neurologic syndrome caused by EV. EV are also the most common cause of viral meningitis. Other EV neurologic syndromes include encephalitis, rhombencephalitis, paralytic disease, persistent infections, and the severe group B coxsackievirus fatal systemic infections of neonates. Diagnostic clues can come from epidemics, systemic manifestations, household infections, the cerebrospinal picture, and the neurologic syndrome. However, definite diagnosis depends on laboratory methods, primarily nucleic acid amplification. Treatment of acute infections is supportive. Preventative methods include good hygiene and aggressive polio vaccination programs.

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Section: The Enteroviruses: Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus Infections

Jubelt¹

2012

Viral Infections of the Human Nervous System

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“…Two excellent models exist, for example, for human HEV diseases. Though PV is not an infection of mice, mouseadapted strains 74,75 exist and have been used to understand the Personal hygiene was also at a level far below that which one would consider acceptable today. A simple example suffices: the cleansing of one's hands following a visit to a privy, even if one were scrupulous, was problematic.…”

Section: How T1d In Nod Mice Responds To Hev Infections: Lessons For Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiology of human hygiene and its impact on type 1 diabetes

Chapman

Coppieters

Herrath

et al. 2012

Islets

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“…Sequence analysis of virulent and vaccine strains of PV has revealed 10-to 55-nucleotide differences between virulent and attenuated PV strains (2,3,35,37,38). The use of recombinant viruses (allele replacement experiments) and the phenotypic evaluation of neurovirulence in monkeys (1,24,36) or attenuation in mice (7) has delineated which genetic differences are functionally relevant.…”

Section: Replication Of Sabin 1-mahoney Recombinants In Pbmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between poliovirus type 1 Mahoney replication in blood cells and neurovirulence

Freistadt

Eberle

1996

J Virol

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Poliovirus (PV) is not often described as a monocyte-or macrophage-tropic virus; however, previous work indicated that neurovirulent PV type 1 Mahoney [PV(1)Mahoney] can productively infect primary human monocytes. To determine whether this replication has a functional role in pathogenesis, primary human mononuclear blood cells were infected with pairs of attenuated and neurovirulent strains of PV. Two neurovirulent strains of PV, PV(1)Mahoney and PV(2)MEF-1, replicated faster and to higher titers than attenuated counterparts PV(1)Sabin and PV(2)W-2, respectively, in primary human monocytes, suggesting that this replication may contribute to pathogenesis. PV(3)Leon grew weakly, while PV(3)Sabin, PV(2)Sabin, and PV(2) P712 did not replicate in these cells, perhaps because of their slow replication cycle. In U937 cells, a monocytelike cell line, PV(1)Mahoney replicated but PV(1)Sabin did not, while both grew well in HeLa cells. When molecular recombinants of PV(1)Mahoney and PV(1)Sabin were assessed, a correlation between neurovirulence and the ability to replicate in primary human mononuclear blood cells was found. Surprisingly, infectious centers assays with primary human mononuclear blood cells and U937 cells indicated that despite the lower overall viral yield, more cells are initially infected with the attenuated viruses. These results indicate that there are virulence-specific differences in the ability of PV(1)Mahoney to replicate in monocytes and suggest that there may be factors in monocytes that virulent strains of PV require.

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Localization of Genomic Regions Specific for the Attenuated, Mouse-adapted Poliovirus Type 2 Strain W-2

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Enterovirus Infections

Enterovirus Infections

The microbiology of human hygiene and its impact on type 1 diabetes

Correlation between poliovirus type 1 Mahoney replication in blood cells and neurovirulence

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