Localization of slow potential responses in the Necturus retina

Bortoff, Alexander

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(64)90048-3

Cited by 112 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We showed (McReynolds & Gorman, 1970a) that the response of the distal cell to light was a membrane hyperpolarization and that darkness depolarized these cells. Similar responses are found in photoreceptors in the vertebrate retina (Bortoff, 1964; Tomita, 1965;Werblin & Dowling, 1969), but unlike the vertebrate photoreceptor where the hyperpolarizing receptor potential is produced by a decrease in membrane conductance, the response of the distal photoreceptor is associated with a conductance increase (McReynolds & Gorman, 1970b). The purpose of the present paper is to provide evidence that the hyperpolarizing response of the distal cell to light is due primarily to an increase in membrane K+ permeability.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Ionic effects on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptor in scallop retina

Gorman

McReynolds

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Ionic effects on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptor in scallop retina

Gorman

McReynolds

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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“…These properties are similar to those of receptors in several other preparations (Bortoff, 1964;Tomita & Kaneko, 1965;Bortoff & Norton, 1967;Kaneko & Hashimoto, 1967;Toyoda, Nosaki & Tomita, 1969;Werblin & Dowling, 1969 Optical factors make it difficult to predict how the light applied to the retina is distributed on the receptors. The thickness of the retina is about 200 Ia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle

Baylor¹,

Fuortes²,

O’Bryan³

1971

The Journal of Physiology

800

499

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1. Intracellular recordings have been made of the responses to light of single cones in the retina of the turtle. The shape of the hyperpolarizing response to a flash depends on the pattern of retinal illumination as well as the stimulus intensity. 2. Although changes in the stimulus pattern can produce changes in the effective stimulus intensity, the responses to certain patterns cannot be matched by any adjustment of stimulus intensity. 3. The initial portion of responses to large or small stimulating spots is proportional to light intensity; this allows comparison of responses when the amount of light on a cone is kept constant but the light on surrounding cones is changed. For equal light intensity on the cone, the response to a spot 2 or 4 μ in radius is smaller than that to a spot 70 μ in radius. 4. Responses to spots 70 and 600 μ in radius coincide over their rising phases and peaks without any adjustment of stimulus intensity. The responses to the larger spot, however, contain a delayed depolarization not present with the smaller spot. 5. During steady illumination of a cone with a small central spot, the response to transient illumination superimposed on the same area is greatly reduced. Illumination of cones in the near surround, however, produces a hyperpolarizing response, and illumination of cones in the more distant surround generates a delayed depolarization. 6. The results described above suggested that synaptic signals might impinge on cones. This possibility was tested by electrically polarizing one retinal cell while recording from another. 7. Currents passed through a cone within 40 μ of another cone can change the membrane potential of the latter. Not all cones within this distance show the interaction, however, and it has never been detected at distances greater than 50 μ. 8. Hyperpolarization of a horizontal cell with applied current can produce a depolarization of a cone in the vicinity. During this depolarization, the response of the cone to a flash is reduced in size and altered in shape. 9. It is concluded that the response of a cone to light may be modified by synaptic mechanisms which are activated by peripheral illumination.

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“…In the 1960s, it became possible to place finely drawn micropipettes inside the various cell types of the retina (10,11). Such intracellular recordings provided accurate measurements of the graded potentials produced by the neurons and made possible their subsequent anatomic identification by minute dye injections.…”

Section: On and Off Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

Schiller

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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In the retina, several parallel channels originate that extract different attributes from the visual scene. This review describes how these channels arise and what their functions are. Following the introduction four sections deal with these channels. The first discusses the "ON" and "OFF" channels that have arisen for the purpose of rapidly processing images in the visual scene that become visible by virtue of either light increment or light decrement; the ON channel processes images that become visible by virtue of light increment and the OFF channel processes images that become visible by virtue of light decrement. The second section examines the midget and parasol channels. The midget channel processes fine detail, wavelength information, and stereoscopic depth cues; the parasol channel plays a central role in processing motion and flicker as well as motion parallax cues for depth perception. Both these channels have ON and OFF subdivisions. The third section describes the accessory optic system that receives input from the retinal ganglion cells of Dogiel; these cells play a central role, in concert with the vestibular system, in stabilizing images on the retina to prevent the blurring of images that would otherwise occur when an organism is in motion. The last section provides a brief overview of several additional channels that originate in the retina. midget channels | ON/OFF channels | parasol channels

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Localization of slow potential responses in the Necturus retina

Cited by 112 publications

References 16 publications

Ionic effects on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptor in scallop retina

Ionic effects on the membrane potential of hyperpolarizing photoreceptor in scallop retina

Receptive fields of cones in the retina of the turtle

Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

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