Localization of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor in equine enteric neurons and extrinsic sensory fibers

Giancola, Fiorella; Rambaldi, Anna Maria; Bianco, Francesca; Iusco, S.; Romagnoli, Noemi; Tagliavia, Claudio; Bombardi, Cristiano; Clavenzani, Paolo; Giorgio, Roberto De; Chiocchetti, Roberto

doi:10.1111/nmo.13045

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Worth 10 already described this line by ex vivo US in the wall of the ileum, while more recently it was found also in the other small and large intestinal tracts, albeit not consistently, by means of a high‐frequency transducer 8 . Histologically, such additional ultrasonographic line was consistent with connective and nerve tissues of the myenteric plexus and intrinsic and extrinsic nerve fibers, interposed between the LML and CML of the tunica muscularis 16–18 . Overall, on histological assessment, our findings (i.e., muscularis mucosae , Peyer's patches, and myenteric plexus) agreed with morphological data of the equine small intestinal wall reported in the literature 19–21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Ex vivoultrasonographic and histological morphometry of small intestinal wall layers in horses

Diana

Freccero

Giancola

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Ultrasonographic morphometry of wall layers is commonly used in veterinary patients with suspected small intestinal disease, however published studies comparing this method with histopathology in horses are limited. This prospective, methods comparison study compared the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of small intestinal wall layers using ex vivo high-frequency ultrasound versus histopathology in a sample of 16 horses. Transverse section images of duodenum, distal jejunum, and ileum were acquired with a high-frequency linear transducer (7-15 MHz). Transverse histological cryosections were obtained at the same level. Appearance and measurements of the intestinal wall layers were assessed on the ultrasonographic and histological images.High-frequency scanning with the probe in close contact with the serosal surface of the equine intestinal wall allowed a clear and detailed definition of wall layers. A hyperechoic line was consistently detected within the tunica muscularis in all the intestinal tracts, corresponding histologically to the interface between its longitudinal and circular muscle layers. The overall trend of the values for wall layers thickness was comparable between ex vivo ultrasonography and histology. However, a poor agreement was found between the two methods for all layers. The ultrasonographic measurements were thicker compared to histological measurements, with the exception of the total wall and the muscular layer thicknesses. These layers were thinner on ultrasonography in the duodenum and in all the intestinal segments, respectively. Findings from the current study can be used as background for future ultrasonographic investigations of small intestinal diseases in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Ex vivoultrasonographic and histological morphometry of small intestinal wall layers in horses

Diana

Freccero

Giancola

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…The preparations were analysed by the same observer, and the images were recorded and adjusted as described elsewhere [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cervical (C6‐C8) dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord samples were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C until sample processing. The primary antibodies were tested in our laboratories according to standardised protocols [21]. The Wb analysis of CB1R (1:500) revealed double bands of ~100 and 120 kDa (the theoretical molecular weight of CB1R is 53‐60 kDa) (Figure 1A), that of CB2R (1:1,000) revealed a major band of ~90 kDa (the theoretical molecular weight of CB2R is 45 kDa) (Figure 1B), that of PPARα (1:2000) revealed a single band of ~50 kDa (the theoretical molecular weight of PPARα is 52 kDa) (Figure 1C), that of TRPA1 (1:500) revealed a major band at ~100 kDa (the theoretical molecular weight 100 kDa) (Figure 1D) and that of the 5‐HT1aR (1:3000) revealed a major band at ~50 kDa (theoretical molecular weight 46 kDa) (Figure 1E).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid‐related receptors in the equine dorsal root ganglia

Chiocchetti

Rinnovati

Tagliavia

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background Growing evidence recognises cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets for pain. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing cannabinoid receptor agonists for treating pain. As a general rule, to better understand the actions of a drug, it would be of extreme importance to know the cellular distribution of its specific receptors. The localisation of cannabinoid receptors in the dorsal root ganglia of the horse has not yet been investigated. Objectives To localise the cellular distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the equine cervical dorsal root ganglia. Study design Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study. Methods Cervical (C6‐C8) dorsal root ganglia were collected from six horses (1.5 years of age) at the slaughterhouse. The tissues were fixed and processed to obtain cryosections which were used to investigate the immunoreactivity of canonical cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R), and for three putative cannabinoid‐related receptors: nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and serotonin 5‐HT1a receptor (5‐HT1aR). Results The neurons showed immunoreactivity for CB1R (100%), CB2R (80% ± 13%), PPARα (100%), TRPA1 (74% ± 10%) and 5‐HT1aR (84% ± 6%). The neuronal satellite glial cells showed immunoreactivity for CB2R, PPARα, TRPA1 and 5‐HT1aR. Main limitations The low number of horses included in the study. Conclusions This study highlighted the expression of cannabinoid receptors in the sensory neurons and glial cells of the dorsal root ganglia. These findings could be of particular relevance for future functional studies assessing the effects of cannabinoids in horses to manage pain.

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“…In the veterinary medicine context, the GIT expression and activity of 5-HT, 5-HT receptors and SERT have only been partially investigated (38)(39)(40). The localization of intestinal SERT, widely studied in humans and rodents (27,28,(30)(31)(32)41), may provide a basis for additional studies aimed at gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis and treatment of canine chronic enteropathy (42).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of the Serotonin Transporter in the Dog Intestine and Comparison to the Rat and Human Intestines

et al. 2022

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Serotonin is crucial in gastrointestinal functions, including motility, sensitivity, secretion, and the inflammatory response. The serotonin transporter (SERT), responsible for serotonin reuptake and signaling termination, plays a prominent role in gastrointestinal physiology, representing a promising therapeutic target in digestive disorders. Serotonin transporter expression has been poorly investigated in veterinary medicine, under both healthy and pathological conditions, including canine chronic enteropathy, in which the serotonin metabolism seems to be altered. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of SERT immunoreactivity (SERT-IR) in the dog intestine and to compare the findings with those obtained in the rat and human intestines. Serotonin transporter-IR was observed in canine enterocytes, enteric neurons, lamina propria cells and the tunica muscularis. Data obtained in dogs were consistent with those obtained in rats and humans. Since the majority of the serotonin produced by the body is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract, SERT-expressing cells may exert a role in the mechanism of serotonin reuptake.

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Localization of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor in equine enteric neurons and extrinsic sensory fibers

Abstract: The presence of 5-HT in many enteric and extrinsic sensory neurons and nerve fibers provides solid morphological evidence of the cellular sites of 5-HT expression in horses. The evidence of SP-IR sensory neurons positive for 5-HT suggests its role in visceral sensitivity.

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Ex vivoultrasonographic and histological morphometry of small intestinal wall layers in horses

Ex vivoultrasonographic and histological morphometry of small intestinal wall layers in horses

Localisation of cannabinoid and cannabinoid‐related receptors in the equine dorsal root ganglia

Localization of the Serotonin Transporter in the Dog Intestine and Comparison to the Rat and Human Intestines

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