Localization of the Histidine-Rich Protein in Keratohyalin: A Morphologic and Macromolecular Marker in Epidermal Differentiation

Sibrack, Laurence A.; Gray, Robert H.; Bernstein, Isadore A.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12701654

Cited by 95 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Isolated preparations are easily pelleted and embedded and sectioned or affixed to slides for microscopic examination. Tape stripping is also commonly used to remove stratum corneum cells, layer by layer; bas been used to compare sizes of cells in normal [140] vs. pathologic tissue (e.g., uninvolved and involved areas of psoriasis patients; [141]) Fractions of cells are examined morpbologically to confirm the presence of a specific organelle (e.g., lamellar granule [72-74}) and/or labeled compound incorporated by the tissue prior to separation and fractionation [27] Chemically isolated components can be examined as crude or purified preparations (e.g., keratohyalin [27,40,50]; keratin [142]), after reconstitution into a structural entity (e.g., keratin filaments, [95]) or after reaction in vitro of two or more components (e.g., keratin filaments and filaggrin [6l] or a protein (keratin) and divalent cations [143] Replicas of the skm surface, or ot faces of frozen, fractured tissue, can be prepared for light and electron microscopic examination of topographic morphology. Tbis can be accomplished noninvasively by the application of cyanoacrylate to the skin surface.…”

Section: [] []mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although most ofthe morphologic efforts to reveal the chemical composition of the KHG used tissue as starting material, morphologic techniques were also used to reveal the structure and composition of extracted keratohyalin granules reaggregated in vitro [48][49][50]. Phosphate-buffer extracted bovine [49] and rat [50] KHGs were centrifuged and dialyzed to form macroaggregates that were observed by scanning electron microscopy, or embedded for light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (Fig 9) and reacted with several histochemical stains.…”

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphate-buffer extracted bovine [49] and rat [50] KHGs were centrifuged and dialyzed to form macroaggregates that were observed by scanning electron microscopy, or embedded for light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (Fig 9) and reacted with several histochemical stains. The material in these preparations was found to be morphologically, histochemicaliy [49][50] and immunologically [51] similar to that in the tissue.…”

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Holbrook¹

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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S tephen Rothman [1] wrote: "Modern dermatology has been built on the solid pillars of precise macro-and microscopic observation, accurate recording and meaningful interpretation ofthe findings. No natural science can exist without direct observation of natural phenomena, and dermatology has become a great discipline because we have had so many good observers." He went on to state further that "... whereas the immense knowledge acquired by the classical descriptive methods is still rapidly increasing, the application of experimental methods to dermatologic problems is a relatively young and undeveloped approach." These statements acknowledge the importance of observation and description (usually thought of as features of morphology) in clinical dermatology and in descriptive dermatologic research, but were made before he could recognize the value of morphology to experimental studies as well. Unfortunately, Dr. Rothman did not see the remarkable expansion in dermatologic research that has taken place within even the last 20 years, an eta in which descriptive biology and experimental biology are not necessarily separate entities or even parallel concepts. Morphology is simply one of many approaches --sets of tools -that can be used to solve problems in biology.Morphology is often the starting point of an investigation. Understanding the structure of a cell or tissue provides a framework on which other kinds of data can be applied. A morphologic study, however, need not be synonomous with description and qualitative investigation. Many ofthe techniques used by morphologists provide compositional information (presence/absence of a chemical compound) on a structural substrate (location within the cell or tissue) which, in turn, permits interpretation of function. For example, electron microscopic autoradiography can be used to identify the site of incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid within the tissue and the specific cell and organelle in which it is utilized, or x-ray microanalysis can reveal the elemental composition of parts of cells or different cells within a tissue. Through the use of techniques like morphometry and stereology, morphologic studies can also be quantitative. To continue the example from above, the volume density ofthe radiolabeled organelte can he determined for a cell or tissue by means of selective sampling and prescribed methods of counting, thus allowing for quantitation and statistical analysis when comparing experimental data. Morphology should not have the limited connotation of providing purely descriptive information.The structure and composition of a tissue can provide insight into its function. As stated by Braverman and Braverman [2], "a major aim of biological work is to correlate structure with function in order to understand how tissues work." The goal in the present paper, as indicated by its title, is to support this statement as we review the use of morphologic approaches to understand skin hiology, selecting as an illustration the progress that has been made in understan...

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Section: [] []mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Holbrook¹

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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“…Keratinization was characterized using markers for filaggrin and involucrin. Filaggrin and involucrin are important proteins in the process of differentiation [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 was used as a proliferation marker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of cycling epidermal cells and expression of filaggrin, involucrin and tenascin in the margin of the active psoriatic plaque, in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and in the normal healthy skin

Gerritsen

Elbers

Jong

et al. 1997

Journal of Dermatological Science

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The peripheral changes in the uninvolved skin adjacent to the extending psoriatic lesions may represent early events. The sequence of these events remains controversial. In the present study we evaluated epidermal and dermal aspects of the margin of the progressive psoriatic plaque, the distant uninvolved skin and normal healthy skin, using immunohistochemistry with markers for keratinization, proliferation and connective tissue: filaggrin, involucrin, Ki-67 and tenascin. The results showed that: (i) processes in distant uninvolved skin were comparable with the observations in normal skin; (ii) in the margin zone of the spreading psoriatic lesion, following the increased appearance of tenascin, the transition into parakeratosis, abnormal expression of filaggrin, involucrin and recruitment of cycling epidermal cells, happened simultaneously. The simultaneous normalization of these epidermal processes might be a consequence of a signal which is simultaneously transduced to the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the epidermis. Based on the present results and earlier findings, we would like to propose a triple stage model for the development of the psoriatic lesion: Stage 1, involvement of the stroma; stage II, inflammatory infiltrate formation and penetration into the upper layers of the epidermis, with suprabasal expression of keratin 16; stage III, recruitment of cycling epidermal cells and abnormal terminal differentiation. Further studies are required on the regulation of tenascin expression, focusing on factors derived from the stroma affecting both recruitment of cycling epidermal cells, involucrin and filaggrin expression. An intermediate step in the dermo-epithelial interrelation is the inflammatory infiltrate, penetrating into the most superficial zone of the epidermis, and the suprabasal expression of keratin 16. 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

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“…Considerable work has been carried out by Bernstein and coworkers on the isolation of a 'histidine-rich' protein from the epidermis using 8 M urea (Bernstein, 1970(Bernstein, , 1971. In 1974 Sibrack et al concluded that this protein was directly involved in the biogenesis of keratohyalin granules.…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of histidine in human epidermis

Baynes

Levine

1977

Br J Dermatol

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Incorporation of radioactively-labelled histidine into half-thickness skin and into the major protein fraction extracted from epidermis by urea (protein Fraction A) has been measured and compared with the amount of labelled urocanic acid appearing in the same specimen. After a short lag period, incorporation into half-thickness skin and into protein Fraction A was found to be linear up to 23 h of the study. Histidine appeared to be initially preferentially deaminated to urocanic acid. The somewhat erratic presence of urocanic acid at later periods is attributed to its high instability and solubility.

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Localization of the Histidine-Rich Protein in Keratohyalin: A Morphologic and Macromolecular Marker in Epidermal Differentiation

Cited by 95 publications

References 44 publications

Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Recruitment of cycling epidermal cells and expression of filaggrin, involucrin and tenascin in the margin of the active psoriatic plaque, in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and in the normal healthy skin

The role of histidine in human epidermis

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