Localization of type-specific epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein G recognized by human and mouse antibodies.

Ja, Liljeqvist; Trybala, Edward; Svennerholm, Bo; Jeansson, Stig; Sjögren‐Jansson, Eva; Bergström, Tomas

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-79-5-1215

Cited by 51 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar Western blot methods have been used successfully in other studies (2,21,43). The present method performed well in comparison with a commercial Western blot method ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prevalence of Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Children and Young People in an Urban Region in Tanzania

Kasubi

Nilsen

Marsden³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is transmitted by close contact, both sexual and nonsexual, and infections are acquired during childhood and adolescence. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), however, is thought to be transmitted mainly by sexual contact. Most HSV-2 infections are consequently expected to occur after the onset of sexual activity. Recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence of HSV-2 on the African continent, but most studies have been performed on adult cohorts. In the present study, we collected sera from Tanzanian children and young persons from 1 to 20 years old, with at least 100 individuals in each age group. Antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected by an in-house Western blot method which was shown to perform well in comparison with a commercial Western blot assay. Type-specific antibodies were also analyzed by two noncommercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods based upon the antigenicities of branched synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to epitopes in glycoprotein G of HSV-1 or HSV-2. The prevalence of HSV-1 antibodies increased gradually from 73% for the age group of 1 to 4 years to 92% for the age group of 17 to 20 years. The prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies was unexpectedly high, as 15% of the children were infected by the age of 8 years, with the incidence increasing gradually to 40% in the age group of 17 to 20 years. The reason for this unexpectedly high frequency is not clear but could suggest that nonsexual transmission of HSV-2 is more common than previously thought. There was no statistically significant association between seropositivities for HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus.

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“…Similar Western blot methods have been used successfully in other studies (2,21,43). The present method performed well in comparison with a commercial Western blot method ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prevalence of Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Children and Young People in an Urban Region in Tanzania

Kasubi

Nilsen

Marsden³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Only a single sample positive according to the PGS was negative in the IhW. Although this discrepancy could theoretically be due to an immune response to type-common epitopes on gG-2, recent studies strongly suggest that this is most probably only a hypothetical possibility (21,24,32), and we therefore considered this result a false-negative IhW result.…”

Section: Vol 40 2002 Confirmatory Assays For Hsv-2 Antibody Detectimentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of Confirmatory Strategies for Detection of Type-Specific Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

et al. 2002

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In this study, the optimal combination of three commercial glycoprotein G-2 (gG-2)-based herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) type-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Euroimmun anti-HSV-2 immunoglobulin G [IgG] ELISA [Eu2], Gull HSV-2-specific IgG ELISA [Gu2], and Radim HSV-2 IgG ELISA [Ra2]) and one gG-2-based HSV-2-specific immunoblot (Euroimmun anti-HSV-1/HSV-2 gG Western blot [EuW]) was determined with regard to diagnostic performance and cost efficiency. Two hundred fifty serum samples were included in this study, 194 of which were from female prostitutes. When a formal primary "gold standard" was defined based on majority agreement of the commercial tests, with EuW being decisive in stand-off situations, the sensitivity and specificity of the assays in the samples from prostitutes were as follows: Eu2, 100 and 89.22%; Gu2, 94.44 and 96.08%; Ra2, 61.18 and 95.10%; and EuW, 98.90 and 100%. The most cost-effective confirmatory strategy in the samples from prostitutes was screening with Eu2, retesting positive and equivocal samples with Gu2, and resolving the remaining discordant results with EuW (estimated additional costs per sample, 79.02%; sensitivity, 100%; positive predictive value, 96.81%). Applying a self-developed gG-2-independent assay to the discordant and concordant negative samples in the samples from prostitutes suggested that the primary gold standard may have missed six HSV-2-positive samples. In conclusion, confirmatory strategies based on commercial gG-2-dependent seroassays result in an increase in the specificity of HSV-2-specific serology. However, further improvement of the sensitivity of current HSV-2-specific serology may require the additional exploitation of the gG-2-independent type-specific antibody response.Genital herpes represents a global problem for public health, as it is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (9). The number of people experiencing painful, chronic remittent illness due to genital herpes is estimated to be approximately 90 million worldwide. Serious medical consequences of genital herpes are neonatal infections and an increased risk of acquisition of other sexually transmitted infectious agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus (14,33). In addition, genital herpes causes considerable psychological and psychosexual morbidity (27). Thus, measures to control its spread and guidelines for the management of infected individuals are urgently needed. Although herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may be the causative agent of a significant proportion of first episodes of genital herpes, especially in young white females, the principal agent of chronic remittent herpes genitalis is HSV-2 (7). The abilities of the viruses to cause recurrent infections in the anogenital region differ significantly (20), with median recurrence rates of 5 for HSV-2 and 1 for HSV-1 in the first year after primary infection (4). A number of serological surveys indicate that in developed countries there is an ongoing HSV-2 epidemic, with a significant rise in HSV-2...

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“…Although few serum samples were included in panel E, our results suggest that after HSV-2 infection antibodies against mgG-2 are detected earlier than antibodies against sgG-2. The anti-mgG-2 antibodies recognize linear epitopes of the protein to a high degree (21). WB can therefore be used as a sensitive and specific method for confirmation of the presence of type-specific anti-gG-2 antibodies.…”

Section: Vol 41 2003 Glycoprotein G Of Hsv-2 and Type-specific Seromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-human or rabbit anti-mouse IgG (DAKO) was used as the conjugate, and 4-chloro-1-naphthol was used as the substrate. A positive WB profile was defined as reactivity to mgG-2 (Ϸ120 kDa) alone or in combination with reactivity to the carboxyterminal intermediate portion of gG-2 (Ϸ70 kDa) (21).…”

Section: Cells and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secreted Portion of Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is a Novel Antigen for Type-Discriminating Serology

2003

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The secreted portion of glycoprotein G (sgG-2) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was evaluated as a novel antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for detection of type-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in HSV-2-infected patients. The results were compared with those obtained by a commercially available assay, the HerpeSelect 2 ELISA (the FOCUS2 assay). Five different panels of sera were analyzed: panel A consisted of 109 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven HSV-1 infection that were Western blotting (WB) negative for HSV-2; panel B consisted of 106 serum samples from patients with a culture-proven recurrent HSV-2 infection that were WB positive for HSV-2; panel C consisted of 100 serum samples with no detectable IgG antibodies against HSV-1 and HSV-2; panel D consisted of 70 HSV-2 negative "tricky" serum samples containing antinuclear IgG antibodies or IgM antibodies against other viruses or bacteria; and panel E consisted of consecutive serum samples from 21 patients presenting with a first episode of HSV-2-induced lesions. When sera in panels A to C were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA and the FOCUS2 assay both showed sensitivities and specificities of >98%. In total, among the samples in panel D, 13 serum samples (19%) were false positive by the FOCUS2 assay and 1 serum sample (1.4%) was false positive by the sgG-2 ELISA. When the sera in panel E were analyzed, the sgG-2 ELISA detected seroconversion somewhat later than WB or the FOCUS2 assay did. We conclude that sgG-2 induces an HSV-2 type-specific antibody response and can be used for type-discriminating serology.

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Localization of type-specific epitopes of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein G recognized by human and mouse antibodies.

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence of Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Children and Young People in an Urban Region in Tanzania

Prevalence of Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Children and Young People in an Urban Region in Tanzania

Evaluation of Confirmatory Strategies for Detection of Type-Specific Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

Secreted Portion of Glycoprotein G of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is a Novel Antigen for Type-Discriminating Serology

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