Localized and Lateralized Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Associated With Eye Movements During REM Sleep and Wakefulness: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Study

Hong, Christina; Gillin, J. Christian; Dow, Bruce M.; Wu, Joseph C.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.

doi:10.1093/sleep/18.7.570

Cited by 96 publications

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“…Furthermore, patients with RBD showed GM reduction in regions that overlapped with our findings on REM-related regions in AUD [ 20 – 22 ]. Supporting previous findings [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 11 ], we found GM reductions in anterior midline regions associated with both SWS and REM sleep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…While AUD participants showed strong positive correlations between REM and GM in OFC, motor (pre-central and postcentral, supplementary motor cortex), limbic (amygdala, insula, parahippocampal gyrus), temporal and parietal (precuneus, left inferior parietal cortex) regions, HC displayed negative correlations in these regions, particularly in the left inferior parietal cortex. Early 18 FDG PET studies reported elevated brain glucose metabolism in the left amygdala, insula, parahippocampal gyri, and midline frontal regions including OFC, ACC, and medial prefrontal cortex and reduced metabolism in left inferior parietal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate cortex during REM sleep compared to wakefulness [ 9 – 11 ]. Furthermore, patients with RBD showed GM reduction in regions that overlapped with our findings on REM-related regions in AUD [ 20 – 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative correlation between REM and GMD in the left inferior parietal regions in HC was unexpected. The opposite findings in AUD vs. HC suggested an inverted U-shaped relationship between GMD and REM, which might relate to the deactivation of this region during REM sleep [ 9 ]. REM-related GMD was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression and more REM sleep was associated with higher level of negative mood in HC but not in AUD (Table 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, during REM sleep parietal and occipital visual attentional areas [ 8 – 10 ] and limbic regions [ 10 , 11 ] are greatly activated. There are also regions shared by SWS and REM sleep: the midline cingulate regions, which is a core component of the default mode network (DMN), not only spreads slow waves from anterior to posterior brain areas but also activated during REM sleep [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder

et al. 2021

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Sleep disturbances are prominent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predict relapse. So far, the mechanisms underlying sleep disruptions in AUD are poorly understood. Because sleep-related regions vastly overlap with regions, where patients with AUD showed pronounced grey matter (GM) reduction; we hypothesized that GM structure could contribute to sleep disturbances associated with chronic alcohol use. We combined sleep EEG recording and high-resolution structural brain imaging to examine the GM-sleep associations in 36 AUD vs. 26 healthy controls (HC). The patterns of GM-sleep associations differed for N3 vs. REM sleep and for AUD vs. HC. For cortical thickness (CT), CT-sleep associations were significant in AUD but not in HC and were lateralized such that lower CT in right hemisphere was associated with shorter N3, whereas in left hemisphere was associated with shorter REM sleep. For the GM density (GMD), we observed a more extensive positive GMD-N3 association in AUD (right orbitofrontal cortex, cerebellum, dorsal cingulate and occipital cortex) than in HC (right orbitofrontal cortex), and the GMD-REM association was positive in AUD (midline, motor and paralimbic regions) whereas negative in HC (the left supramarginal gyrus). GM structure mediated the effect of chronic alcohol use on the duration of N3 and the age by alcohol effect on REM sleep. Our findings provide evidence that sleep disturbances in AUD were associated with GM reductions. Targeting sleep-related regions might improve sleep in AUD and enhance sleep-induced benefits in cognition and emotional regulation for recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder

et al. 2021

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“…Crucially, in enactive formulations of perceptual inference, “eye movements are both the cause and consequence of perception,” in both wakefulness and dreaming [ 18 ]. Direct comparison of REMs in wakefulness and in REM sleep show that both are associated with activations in the oculomotor and visuospatial attentional system [ 32 ]. In short, hierarchical (active) inference in the brain—time-locked either to waking saccades or to REMs in sleep—shares many formal similarities, in terms of neuronal message passing and hierarchical processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep

2021

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System-specific brain responses—time-locked to rapid eye movements (REMs) in sleep—are characteristically widespread, with robust and clear activation in the primary visual cortex and other structures involved in multisensory integration. This pattern suggests that REMs underwrite hierarchical processing of visual information in a time-locked manner, where REMs index the generation and scanning of virtual-world models, through multisensory integration in dreaming—as in awake states. Default mode network (DMN) activity increases during rest and reduces during various tasks including visual perception. The implicit anticorrelation between the DMN and task-positive network (TPN)—that persists in REM sleep—prompted us to focus on DMN responses to temporally-precise REM events. We timed REMs during sleep from the video recordings and quantified the neural correlates of REMs—using functional MRI (fMRI)—in 24 independent studies of 11 healthy participants. A reanalysis of these data revealed that the cortical areas exempt from widespread REM-locked brain activation were restricted to the DMN. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a modest temporally-precise REM-locked decrease—phasic deactivation—in key DMN nodes, in a subset of independent studies. These results are consistent with hierarchical predictive coding; namely, permissive deactivation of DMN at the top of the hierarchy (leading to the widespread cortical activation at lower levels; especially the primary visual cortex). Additional findings indicate REM-locked cerebral vasodilation and suggest putative mechanisms for dream forgetting.

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fMRI evidence for multisensory recruitment associated with rapid eye movements during sleep

Hong¹,

Harris²,

Pearlson³

et al. 2008

Human Brain Mapping

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150

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We studied the neural correlates of rapid eye movement during sleep (REM) by timing REMs from video recording and using rapid event-related functional MRI. Consistent with the hypothesis that REMs share the brain systems and mechanisms with waking eye movements and are visually-targeted saccades, we found REM-locked activation in the primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), ‘visual claustrum’, retrosplenial cortex (RSC, only on the right hemisphere), fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the oculomotor circuit that controls awake saccadic eye movements (and subserves awake visuospatial attention). Unexpectedly, robust activation also occurred in non-visual sensory cortices, motor cortex, language areas, and the ascending reticular activating system, including basal forebrain, the major source of cholinergic input to the entire cortex. REM-associated activation of these areas, especially non-visual primary sensory cortices, TRN and claustrum, parallels findings from waking studies on the interactions between multiple sensory data, and their ‘binding’ into a unified percept, suggesting that these mechanisms are also shared in waking and dreaming and that the sharing goes beyond the expected visual scanning mechanisms. Surprisingly, REMs were associated with a decrease in signal in specific periventricular subregions, matching the distribution of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus. REMs might serve as a useful task-free probe into major brain systems for functional brain imaging.

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Localized and Lateralized Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Associated With Eye Movements During REM Sleep and Wakefulness: A Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Study

Cited by 96 publications

References 0 publications

Sleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder

Sleep disturbances are associated with cortical and subcortical atrophy in alcohol use disorder

fMRI Evidence for Default Mode Network Deactivation Associated with Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep

fMRI evidence for multisensory recruitment associated with rapid eye movements during sleep

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