Localized Electrografting of Vinylic Monomers on a Conducting Substrate by Means of an Integrated Electrochemical AFM Probe

Ghorbal, Achraf; Grisotto, Federico; Charlier, Julienne; Palacin, Serge; Goyer, Cédric; Demaille, Christophe

doi:10.1002/cphc.200800803

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…of the grafted films are often probed electrically, the former method, which proceeds via electrical addressing, has been more frequently used than the chemical one for the formation of primer coatings for probes attachment. Electrografting has also been largely used for localizing the functionalization on flat surfaces [12] or on carbon nanotubes [13]. It however presents a major drawback when it comes to fine thickness control [14]: indeed, as the polyphenylene-like film grows via successive couplings between newly formed radicals and already grafted aryl rings, a fine control of the electrochemical conditions is required to keep the resulting polyaryl (PA) layer as thin as possible and avoid to hinder the electronic transfer between the electrode and the outer medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino functionalized thin films prepared from Gabriel synthesis applied on electrografted diazonium salts

Hauquier

Debou

Jousselme

2012

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino functionalized thin films prepared from Gabriel synthesis applied on electrografted diazonium salts

Hauquier

Debou

Jousselme

2012

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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“…In addition, they do not alter the main electrical and optical properties of the TCO, as we have demonstrated in our previous works . Electrografting allows for the chemical modification of surfaces with a high spatial confinement, as surface activation can take place in a very restricted area . This can be done alternatively with direct‐write, highly sophisticated lithographic tools, such as the set of methods belonging to scanning probe lithography, which in turn are extremely time‐consuming …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Combined Electrochemical‐Microfluidic Strategy for the Microscale‐Sized Selective Modification of Transparent Conductive Oxides

Lamberti

Salmaso

Zambon

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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Surface chemical functionalization of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) is helpful for a wide range of technological applications, ranging from solar cells to biomedical devices, as it allows to tune the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of TCOs toward the desired goal. The electrochemical grafting technique is a surface modification methodology affording robust coatings with tuneable properties and has the potential to be exploited for modifying TCO surfaces. However, due to technical limitations, like the use of a 3‐electrode cell and the need for low pH‐solutions, this approach has not been recurrently applied. Here a novel electrochemical‐microfluidic combined methodology is used where the use of a microchannel drives the spatially controlled covalent grafting of reagents on a TCO surface. To corroborate the validity of this approach in producing more complex chemical structures localized on selected microscale‐sized areas, where a first electrochemical grafting step takes place, an electrochemical glucose biosensor is realized through a layer‐by‐layer approach that shows a remarkable limit of detection in the micromolar concentration range. The sensing mechanism is based on an efficient electron transfer from glucose to the functionalized TCO surface. Biosensor performance is conveniently tuned by acting on the number of enzymatic units loaded onto the biosensor‐tree.

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“…In order to achieve nanometer resolution in SECM analyses, the AFM technique was recently combined with SECM. Thus, the combined AFM-SECM technique using an AFM cantilever with a conductive coating as the tip electrode for SECM has led to recent progress [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. A number of approaches have been attempted in order to use the conductive cantilever as the tip electrode, with the objective to confine the active tip area of the AFM cantilever.…”

Section: Secm With Nanometer Resolution and Afm-secmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts

Park¹,

Jang²

2016

J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol

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Development and discovery of efficient, cost-effective, and robust electrocatalysts are imperative for practical and widespread implementation of water electrolysis and fuel cell techniques in the anticipated hydrogen economy. The electrochemical reactions involved in water electrolysis, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, are complex inner-sphere reactions with slow multi-electron transfer kinetics. To develop active electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, the physicochemical properties of the electrode surfaces in electrolyte solutions should be investigated and understood in detail. When electrocatalysis is conducted using nanoparticles with large surface areas and active surface states, analytical techniques with sub-nanometer resolution are required, along with material development. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is an electrochemical technique for studying the surface reactions and properties of various types of electrodes using a very small tip electrode. Recently, the morphological and chemical characteristics of single nanoparticles and bio-enzymes for catalytic reactions were studied with nanometer resolution by combining SECM with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Herein, SECM techniques are briefly reviewed, including the AFM-SECM technique, to facilitate further development and discovery of highly active, cost-effective, and robust electrode materials for efficient electrolysis and photolysis.

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Localized Electrografting of Vinylic Monomers on a Conducting Substrate by Means of an Integrated Electrochemical AFM Probe

Cited by 31 publications

References 45 publications

Amino functionalized thin films prepared from Gabriel synthesis applied on electrografted diazonium salts

Amino functionalized thin films prepared from Gabriel synthesis applied on electrografted diazonium salts

A Combined Electrochemical‐Microfluidic Strategy for the Microscale‐Sized Selective Modification of Transparent Conductive Oxides

Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts

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