Localized toxoplasmosis in a ring-tailed lemur (<i>Lemur catta</i>) causing placentitis, stillbirths, and disseminated fetal infection

Juan‐Sallés, Carles; Máinez, Mireia; Marco, Alberto; Sanchís, Ana M. Malabia

doi:10.1177/1040638711416963

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The outcome of T. gondii infection may be influenced by factors such as the definitive host, whether or not the host species has evolved alongside the cat, how the immune system responds to the infection, and the influence of the parasite strain. Most T. gondii infections are mild or asymptomatic but the differing pathogenicity of the parasite is evident in lemurs [ 3 ], Australian marsupials [ 4 ] and new world monkeys [ 5 ] where the parasite is highly virulent and can cause severe clinical symptoms and even death in a primary infection. Unlike new world monkeys, old world monkeys, such as the African green monkeys ( Chlorocebus sabaeus ), are less susceptible to clinical disease and there are few reports of toxoplasmosis in these hosts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys

et al. 2014

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals. Humans can become infected by ingesting infective oocysts from the environment or contaminated food or water, or by ingesting tissue cysts in undercooked infected meat or by handling infected meat. Caribbean African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) are present in large numbers on the island of St. Kitts in the Caribbean, and it is not uncommon for these animals to be trapped and eaten by islanders. The aim of this study was to determine T. gondii infection in Caribbean African green monkeys.FindingsSera collected from 79 wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys were examined for T. gondii antibodies by ELISA. Antibodies were detected in 38 out of 79 (48.1%) monkeys. Significantly more females were infected than males but there was no significant effect of age or location on antibody status.ConclusionsResults indicate that Caribbean African green monkeys can be infected with T. gondii and that there is widespread environmental contamination of St. Kitts with oocysts. These monkeys could present a potential source of T. gondii infection if their meat is consumed undercooked. This is the first report of T. gondii antibodies in this species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys

et al. 2014

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“…In captive lemurs, similar cases of acute lethal toxoplasmosis have been reported in Madagascar [ 15 ], Japan [ 16 ], the Netherlands [ 17 ], the USA [ 18 , 19 ], Spain [ 20 ], Germany [ 21 ], China [ 22 ] and the UK [ 12 ]. Most of the clinical and pathologic findings described in this paper were compatible with those previously reported in Strepsirrhini and NWNHPs [ 7 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The absence of pathognomonic clinical manifestations, non-specific or even absent symptoms, and acute death were outlined. In many cases, lemurs exhibited depression, anorexia, dyspnea, and lethargy [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Even though the small sample size does not allow for statistical analysis, this report is consistent with the findings of Denk et al, who found that females were more likely to be infected [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis in Captive Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

et al. 2022

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Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites and is widely present in all warm-blooded animals. Although clinical disease is uncommon, some species, including ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), have been found to develop acute and lethal toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, serological, and molecular findings of an outbreak of fatal toxoplasmosis in three captive ring-tailed lemurs in Central Italy in 2009. The animals died acutely within few days. The necropsy was immediately performed; necrotic lesions in the spleen, liver, and kidney, as well as interstitial pneumonia, were found histologically. All animals had high titers of anti–T. gondii-specific antibodies (1:1280 IgM and 1:640 IgG) according to a modified agglutination test (MAT) and immunohistochemistry showed scattered tachyzoites in the target organs. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and clonal type II was identified. In addition, the seven co-habiting lemurs were seronegative. This paper reports the first outbreak of acute disseminated toxoplasmosis in captive ring-tailed lemurs in Italy. These findings confirm the high susceptibility of this endangered species to toxoplasma infection, which may be considered a further threat to captive population viability.

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“…In placentas, the presence of mononuclear infiltrate, areas of necrosis and calcification, and detection of T. gondii DNA are indicators of active protozoan infection in the cotyledonary tissue (Pereira-Bueno et al 2004 ; Van Den Brom et al 2012 ). This active infection may result in decreased supply of oxygen to the fetus during gestation (Penning et al 1994 ; Juan-Sallés et al 2011 ; Castaño et al 2014 ). Further research on the pathogenesis of lesions caused by T. gondii will aid in better understanding of the consequences of toxoplasmosis in pregnant goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats: serological, pathological, and clinical monitoring during gestation

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to evaluate Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant goats. The goats were divided into two groups: group one (G1) comprised of 31 pregnant goats naturally infected with T. gondii , and group two (G2) comprised of seven uninfected pregnant goats from a flock with a history of abortion due to toxoplasmosis. Serological investigation, ultrasonography, and clinical testing were performed on all goats during gestation. Serum samples from goats and their offspring (precolostral) were collected to evaluate the vertical transmission of T. gondii . Samples from placentas and aborted fetuses were also collected for molecular and histopathological analysis. Results showed that in G1, estrus recurrence occurred in 22.6% (7/31) of the goats, embryonic death in 3.3% (1/31), and abortion in 19.4% (6/31). An increase in anti- T. gondii antibodies was observed in G1 goats at day 150 of pregnancy. T. gondii DNA was detected in 42.8% (3/7) of aborted fetuses and was associated with histopathological lesions caused by this parasite. Moreover, toxoplasmosis in field conditions caused by genotype ToxoDB #1 in pregnant goats resulted in severe reproductive loss in the flock.

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Localized toxoplasmosis in a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) causing placentitis, stillbirths, and disseminated fetal infection

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys

First report of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in wild-caught Caribbean African green monkeys

Toxoplasmosis in Captive Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)

Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats: serological, pathological, and clinical monitoring during gestation

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