Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer remains a paradoxical entity to manage. Although this type of cancer is confined to the thorax and is ostensibly curable, most patients presenting at this stage of disease eventually succumb to it. The accepted therapy presently includes chemotherapy and radiation. The exact agents, schedules, and combinations need to be defined further, although cisplatin has become the widely viewed standard cytotoxic drug in this setting. Notwithstanding, newer chemotherapeutic and biologic agents are being extensively tested to find less toxic options with greater efficacy. Drugs that are gaining widespread approval include carboplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine. At the same time, advances in radiation therapy are triggering a revolution in dose intensity and scheduling that will one day offer superlative local control.

Spatial gradients of cellular phospho‐proteins

“…Many cellular proteins undergo cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by protein kinases and phosphatases and this protein phosphorylation is one of the main ways by which protein activities are regulated in the cell [1]. Various protein kinases and phosphatases are localised to different components of the cell (e.g.…”