Locally based crop plant conservation

Qualset, C. O.; Damania, A. B.; Zanatta, Ana Christina Albuquerque; Brush, Stephen B.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1437-7_10

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Local availability and access to high quality seed are key factors in the efforts to sustain on-farm conservation of wheat landraces. Therefore, to address gaps in the supply side and enhance local seed security, farmers need to restore and strengthen informal seed networks and community seed banks, and seek technical advisory services from traditional seed experts (Qualset et al, 1997).…”

Section: Seed Saving and Exchange Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Landraces: A mini review <br>

Jaradat

2013

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Traditional farmers planted diverse assemblages of wheat landraces to lower the risk of failure and increase food security because they had limited capacity to control the spatially heterogeneous and temporally unpredictable environments. This practice led to the development of landrace meta-populations of wheat and the emergence of farmers' seed systems through which they accessed and exchanged diverse genetic material. During the last ~50 years, the introduction of high-yielding wheat varieties into, and the structural changes in wheat farming systems in developing countries, led to the loss of genetic diversity and fragmentation of metapopulation structures of wheat landraces from large parts of the Fertile Crescent, the center of origin and diversity of wheat landraces. However, the persistence cultivation of some wheat landraces attests to their continued value to farmers, or to their competitive agronomic or nutritional advantage relative to modern varieties. For farmers to continue to grow, select, and manage local wheat landraces, and to reverse the fragmentation of their meta-populations, especially in their center of diversity, and allow evolutionary processes that mold landrace diversity to continue, their value should be raised to approximate or exceed the social value of high-yielding wheat varieties. This review provides information on wheat domestication and the origin of wheat landraces; their dynamic on-farm conservation and utilization in improving modern wheat cultivars and reversing the genetic erosion of wheat genetic diversity.

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Section: Seed Saving and Exchange Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Landraces: A mini review <br>

Jaradat

2013

Emir. J. Food Agric

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“…Several regional and local collections and studies of wheat landraces were done recently (Damania et al, 1996;Karagöz, 1996;Qualset et al, 1997;Tan, 2002;Karagöz and Zencirci, 2005;Akçura & Topal, 2006;Giuliani et al, 2009). There are more than 22,000 Turkish wheat landraces in ex situ collections worldwide (https://www.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wheat Landraces Currently Grown in Turkey: Distribution, Diversity, and Use

Morgounov

Keser²,

Kan³

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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From 2009 to 2014 a nationwide effort was made to document, collect, conserve, and characterize wheat landraces grown by Turkish farmers. Spike samples were collected from more than 1600 farmers from 59 provinces, planted as single‐spike progenies, and classified into species, subspecies, and botanical varieties (or morphotypes). Altogether, 95 morphotypes were identified representing three species and six subspecies: einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), emmer wheat [T. turgidum subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.], cone wheat (T. turgidum subsp. turgidum), durum wheat [T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], bread wheat (T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), and club wheat [T. aestivum subsp. compactum (Host) Mackey]. Compared with a nationwide survey in 1920, these findings represent a loss of 50 to 70% of the diversity found in 1920, though in four provinces, little if any loss occurred. Based on the Shannon diversity index (H′) and number of morphotypes, the highest diversity for bread wheat was observed in Manisa, Konya, Iğdır, Diyarbakır, and Tokat provinces and for durum wheat in Adana, Diyarbakır, and Hatay provinces. Socioeconomic data indicated that landrace farmers are found mostly in remote mountainous subsistence communities with very little grain trade, small areas planted to wheat, and relatively simple production technologies. The key reasons famers continue to grow landraces are their grain qualities and adaptation to abiotic stresses. In situ conservation should be targeted at provinces with the highest morphotype diversity, with the rarest landraces, and with the highest share of farmers growing landraces.

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“…Yet this practice has also led to serious "genetic erosion"-the loss of traditional varieties from agroecosystems (Porceddu et al 1988, Singh 1999)-which hinders efforts to improve crop varieties further (Nevo 1995). Reliance on a narrow spectrum of cultivars grown in monoculture has also been linked to increased pest problems (Shigehisa 1982) and to vulnerable agroecosystems (Qualset et al 1997). Higher yields and greater food security have come at the expense of higher inputs of pesticides and fertilizers (Lu 1996, Qualset et al 1997, and many have questioned the sustainability of these modern farming methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Reliance on a narrow spectrum of cultivars grown in monoculture has also been linked to increased pest problems (Shigehisa 1982) and to vulnerable agroecosystems (Qualset et al 1997). Higher yields and greater food security have come at the expense of higher inputs of pesticides and fertilizers (Lu 1996, Qualset et al 1997, and many have questioned the sustainability of these modern farming methods. The crop diversity program in Yunnan Province seeks to improve on modern methods for cultivating high-yielding rice varieties by conserving traditional varieties as well.…”

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confidence: 99%