Locating tile drainage outlets and surface flow in riparian lowlands using thermal infrared and RGB-NIR remote sensing

Prinds, Christian; Petersen, Rasmus Jes; Greve, Mogens Humlekrog; Iversen, Bo V.

doi:10.1080/00167223.2019.1573408

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Quantification of overland flow relied on model estimates. However, field observations from all transects visualized by thermal images March 2017 demonstrate the presence of overland flow (Prinds et al, 2019), thus supporting the water balance results. The magnitude of overland flow in all transects was well above the sum of estimated errors of the remaining flow paths ( Table 3), implying that the modeled overland flow was not simply a result of residual errors.…”

Section: Overland Flowsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The top layer consisted of 0.5-2 m of peat or clay. Generally, clay content in this top layer was higher toward the edge of the riparian lowland (0-3% TOC) and peat content was higher toward the center of the valley (13-41% TOC) as seen in Petersen et al (2019).…”

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…While the focus was to identify and quantify the pathways of outflowing water, subsequent studies are needed to further quantify and determine parameters controlling the internal flow dynamics and the quantitative significance of direct overland flow versus short return flow or return flow. Nitrogen dynamics along the variable flow paths is described in a companion paper (Petersen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes: Part I—Heterogeneity of Flow Paths and Water Balances

Petersen

Prinds

Iversen

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Riparian lowlands act as interfaces between the streams and upland areas. This study identified and quantified local flow paths in four transects of a 26 ha Danish riparian lowland in a glacial till landscape. The riparian lowland was fed by drain water from the upland agricultural drainage catchments. Precipitation, stream stage, and drainage discharge into the riparian lowland were measured continuously, while groundwater hydraulic heads were measured in piezometer pipes twice per month. A water balance model was developed to quantify water fluxes leaving the riparian lowland area via evapotranspiration, leakage to a deeper aquifer, and via groundwater flow, drain flow, and overland flow to the adjacent stream. Overland flow originating from the tile drains was the main flow path in all four transects, and also fluxes to the stream via groundwater or lowland tile drains were significant in some subareas. The presence of a secondary tile drainage network within parts of the riparian lowland reduced overland flow and increased interaction with the riparian lowland soils. Area-normalized fluxes varied greatly between transects, largely reflecting variations in hydraulic loading rate (ratio of water input rate to the area of the receiving riparian lowland). This, combined with the significance of groundwater flow and riparian lowland tile drain flow in some of the investigated transects, revealed a heterogeneous distribution of flow paths within the small headwater lowland. The rate of overland flow was highly correlated to the hydraulic loading rate, which in turn was dominated by the drainage discharge rate at the hillslope boundary.

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Section: Overland Flowsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Lithologymentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes: Part I—Heterogeneity of Flow Paths and Water Balances

Petersen

Prinds

Iversen

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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“…The study area is a systematically tiledrained field. The drainage outlet is located at the border of the subcatchment with a riparian lowland acting as a vegetated buffer strip with high nutrient removal capacities (Prinds et al, 2019). Clayey and sandy glacial till facies are deposited below 3-m depth, and clayey till facies are located on top of them, whereas Miocene deposits are on top of Paleogene fine-grained marine marls and clays (De Schepper et al, 2017;He et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization of two‐dimensional approaches in HYDRUS‐2D: Part 2. Solute transport at the field and column scale

Varvaris

Pittaki‐Chrysodonta

Børgesen

et al. 2021

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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In this study, a tracer field experiment was conducted to study the temporal dynamics of bromide movement in a loamy tile-drained agricultural landscape. Moreover, tritium leaching experiments were performed on undisturbed soil columns from the same field. The HYDRUS-2D software package was used to model water and solute transport. Three water flow models developed in Part 1-a single-porosity approach with modified soil hydraulic functions (SP), a dual-porosity approach (DP), and a dual-permeability approach (DUP)-were used as a foundation for building solute transport models, of which the initial parameterization was based on a suggested hydrogeological tool from previous studies. The selected solute transport models were an SP, an SP with immobile water, a DP, a DUP, and a DUP with immobile water. The model predictions were compared against measurements of bromide concentrations in soil-water. The DP captured the degree of the initial peaks and predicted well the shape of the observed concentrations. However, DP presented low capability to match the timing of bromide concentration peaks. In contrast, the DUP with immobile water illustrated better predictive ability by introducing an additional pore region into the matrix domain. Validation of field-scale solute transport models was implemented using the data from the following leaching experiments. The already suggested parameterization concept was further evaluated for its capability to provide a sufficient initial representation of the internal pathways. The output from such hydrogeological studies shows that macropores and their interconnection with tile drains are key to understanding the water flow and solute transport processes in loamy structured soils.

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“…At T31, overland flow was only observed on a few occasions at 31 OLout (Figure 3i) in a small channel approximately 20 cm wide with a water depth of 1-2 cm. As the overland flow to the stream from T31 coincided with the overland flow from the neighboring field as evidenced by thermal images (Prinds et al, 2019), surface water samples from T31 were collected at the position of exfiltration at 31-05 surface (Figure 1b). At T32, a distinct channel continued directly to the stream and overland flow discharging into the stream was observed at all sampling times except for July 2016.…”

Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes Part II: Nitrogen Reduction and Release Along Variable Flow Paths

Petersen

Prinds

Jessen

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Riparian lowlands are known to control catchment nitrogen (N) balances. This study examined the role of agricultural tile drainage systems, often present in clay till landscapes, on the transport, transformation, and mass balance of N species in four riparian peat lowland transects receiving agricultural tile drainage water. Monitoring of N speciation of drain, stream, and groundwater, combined with a previously established water balance, enabled the determination of N mass balances for different flow paths including groundwater, subsurface drain water, and overland flow for each piezometer transect. The type of overland flow largely affected nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) removal efficiency, as determined by the total N output from a transect relative to the NO 3 -N loading (%). Infiltration and subsurface flow followed by exfiltration (short return flow) allowed an efficient removal of NO 3 -N (71-94%), while direct overland flow strongly lowered NO 3 -N removal (25%) in one transect. The hydraulic loading rate versus the lowland infiltration capacity determined the transport pathways and thus the resulting NO 3 -N removal efficiency. For all transects there was a net export of organic N and/or ammonium, associated with in situ N release from peat decomposition, through overland flow and groundwater discharge. These exports partly counterbalanced NO 3 -N removal and significantly reduced the overall total N removal for the riparian lowlands. However, the N removal efficiencies remained positive (1-56%). The study indicates that N budgets for riparian lowlands need to account for overland flow as a transport pathway for N.

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Locating tile drainage outlets and surface flow in riparian lowlands using thermal infrared and RGB-NIR remote sensing

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes: Part I—Heterogeneity of Flow Paths and Water Balances

Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes: Part I—Heterogeneity of Flow Paths and Water Balances

Parameterization of two‐dimensional approaches in HYDRUS‐2D: Part 2. Solute transport at the field and column scale

Riparian Lowlands in Clay Till Landscapes Part II: Nitrogen Reduction and Release Along Variable Flow Paths

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