Location and building material determine fouling assemblages within marinas: A case study in Madeira Island (NE Atlantic, Portugal)

UPDATED DISTRIBUTION OF OCTOCORAL Carijoa riisei (DUCHASSAING & MICHELOTTI, 1860) IN BRAZIL INCLUDING ITS FIRST RECORD IN THE STATE OF SERGIPE, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

“…Despite the absence of a port, the region has several marinas and is widely used for recreational nautical activities (Rosa, 2021). Although there is no clear evidence of movements of vessels from or to other regions, it is possible that the introduction of C. riisei into the Vaza-Barris River occurred by incrustation on recreational vessels, as stated in other works involving C. riisei (DeFelice;Carlton, 2001;Eldredge, 2002;Carlton, 2002;Kahng, 2006;Ríos-Jara, 2018) and other biofouling invasive organisms (Ulman et al, 2019;Rosa, 2021;Sempere-Valverde et al, 2023).…”

“…The secondary dispersal of C. riisei may have been enabled by the fixed artificial substrates in the area, such as marinas, piers and moorings, pointed out in other studies as possible stepping stones that favor the establishment of exotic species (Ordóñez et al, 2013;Coolen et al, 2018;Ulman et al, 2019;Sempere-Valverde et al, 2023), that are better competitors than the indigenous species on artificial substrates (Tyrrell;Byers, 2007, Ordóñez et al, 2013, Coolen et al, 2018, highlighting the need for characterization and monitoring of the fauna on these substrates.…”

Surface Integrity Could Limit the Potential of Concrete as a Bio-Enhanced Material in the Marine Environment

“…related to the decline of local ecosystems, such as native seaweed canopies (Cacabelos et al, 2016a;Bernal-Ibáñez et al, 2021), seagrass meadows (Tuya et al, 2014), and barnacle beds (Cacabelos et al, 2016b;Martins et al, 2016). Therefore, the impacts of coastal construction are highly relevant, regardless of the construction material used (Cacabelos et al, 2018;Sempere-Valverde et al, 2023b).…”

“…Although concrete is considered a low-cost and versatile material for marine construction, quarry rock generally shows a faster initial recruitment of benthic organisms (bioreceptivity) and often reach richer communities than concrete (Connell and Glasby, 1999;Sempere-Valverde et al, 2018;Sedano et al, 2020a). However, these effects may differ in certain habitats such as marinas (Sempere-Valverde et al, 2023b). Moreover, the interaction of benthic organisms with the substratum is expected to be more relevant during early-settlement, as secondary settlers will increasingly interact with the primary cover of biodiversity rather than the rocky substrata (Liversage et al, 2014;Coombes et al, 2015).…”

“…Field experiments on the other hand, are often limited to a geographic location and to a short timeframe, leading to temporal and spatial constraints in their findings (Underwood, 2000;Green et al, 2012). As a result, most experimental studies on fouling communities in different substrates are based on early community development (e.g., Green et al, 2012;Sempere-Valverde et al, 2018, 2023b. In contrast, long-term (years to decades) studies are mostly survey-based and observational, often hampering the de-entanglement of compounding factors and covariables shaping biological assemblages (e.g., Bavestrello et al, 2000;Canessa et al, 2019Canessa et al, , 2020.…”