Location Proof Systems for Smart Internet of Things: Requirements, Taxonomy, and Comparative Analysis

Zafar, Faheem; Khan, Abid; Anjum, Adeel; Maple, Carsten; Shah, Munam Ali

doi:10.3390/electronics9111776

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Similarly, the model detected all 1-and 2-type attacks because the probability of attacks 1 and 2 executing in a sequence consistent with the model is very low. If there are 9999 registers that can be read (in the range 30,001 to 39,999) and 9999 registers that can be written (in the range 40,001 to 49,999), then the probabilities can be described by ( 4) and (5). P(read register == 30,001) = 1/9999 (4) P(write register == 40,001) = 1/9999…”

Section: Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, interest in cybersecurity issues has grown significantly due to Industry 4.0 [1][2][3] and IoT [4,5], autonomous cars, autonomous vacuum cleaners, and the development of "smart" devices that often cooperate or communicate with other surrounding devices. The convenience of using modern technology and the possibility to constantly monitor devices from anywhere over the Internet also brings new threats, namely by opening the door to other network users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anomaly Detection in Cyclic Communication in OT Protocols

et al. 2022

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This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using anomaly detection in cyclic communication as a method aimed at protecting industrial installations from steganographic communication and a wide range of cyberattacks. The analysis was performed for a method based on deterministic finite automaton and the authors’ method using cycles. In this paper, we discuss the cycle detection algorithm and graph construction as well as demonstrate an anomaly detection method for cyberattack detection that utilizes stochastic elements, such as time-to-response and time-between-messages. We present a novel algorithm that combines finite automaton determinism modeling consecutive admissible messages with a time-domain model allowing for random deviations of regularity. The study was conducted for several test scenarios, including C&C steganographic channels generated using the Modbus TCP/IP protocol. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithms are presented for both methods. All algorithms described in this paper are implemented and run as part of a passive warden system embedded in a bigger commercial IDS (intrusion detection system).

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Section: Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomaly Detection in Cyclic Communication in OT Protocols

et al. 2022

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“…When attempting to decipher the data from a different location, the decryption attempt fails and no information about the plain text is disclosed. Before further discussion, the comparative analysis of technical aspects related to location proof systems and location model design challenges 19 should be surveyed to achieve a depth of the possible issues in a system. Calculation of the distances 10 between the IoE devices in real‐time is a significant procedure and this proposed approach incorporates Haversine formula to calculate the distance(s) between the devices because it is computationally easy and consumes less energy in IoE devices as compared with the other known procedures.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliable data communication using post‐quantum encryption in Internet of Everything

Balaji

Dhurandher

2022

Int J Communication

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Summary Internet of Everything (IoE) is one of the emerging technologies in the advancement of digital life and innovation. But the major issue that is to be addressed is the security concerns over such an environment, especially in end‐to‐end device communication. The proposed approach primarily focuses on reliable end‐to‐end device communication using post‐quantum location‐aware encryption, aiming to achieve confidentiality and integrity in an Internet of Everything environment. Even though the post‐quantum techniques have shown to be one of the evolving solutions for reliable data communication, but its robustness against the Man‐In‐The‐Middle and Sybil attacks is still a wide‐open subject and undiscovered. Numerous traditional encryption algorithms are now in use, while post‐quantum encryption is being studied and considered as a quantum‐safe substitute. The proposed approach also demonstrates a robust attack model which focuses on communication network threats like namely, Man‐In‐The‐Middle and Sybil attacks intending to evaluate the overall performance of the network by analyzing the performance parameters like, number of nodes in the network, message size, execution time, and memory consumption by the nodes and aiming to achieve an appreciable accuracy in an IoE environment.

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“…Boeira et al (2019) developed a scheme using cryptographic primitives and mobility awareness to improve the trustworthiness of shared vehicle location information in high-speed scenarios. Zafar et al (2020) also summarized a state-of-the-art location proof system and highlighted current challenges such as collusion resistance (malicious location and noise) and storage (redundancy in blockchain but untrustworthy in distributed devices). Some off-the-shelf decentralized blockchain oracle solutions for commercial applications have been summarized…”

Section: Blockchain Oraclesmentioning

confidence: 99%