Lightwave technology is well‐established for long‐haul and point‐to‐point applications. Current research is aimed at extending these techniques to multiple‐access computer networks and to the distribution plant. We are exploring the opportunities for interconnecting many users (more than 100) at high data rates (greater than 1 Gb/s) and the need for novel optoelectronic components to realize these photonic networks of the future. In this paper, we focus on how photonic components constrain topologies, while a companion paper1 focuses on their effect on routing and multiplexing.