Logam Merkuri pada Pekerja Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin

Abstract

Potensi produksi pertambangan emas di Indonesia termasuk dalam kategori cukup besar dengan produksi rata-rata 113.720,4423 kg/tahun. Penggunaan merkuri pada proses pengolahan emas berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya masalah kesehatan seperti keracunan merkuri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor risiko akumulasi merkuri pada rambut pekerja penambangan emas tanpa izin (PETI) di Desa Cisarua, Nanggung, Bogor tahun 2013. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja PETI Desa Cisarua. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik accidental sampling sebanyak 40 pekerja. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengamatan. Pengukuran konsentrasi merkuri dalam rambut pekerja menggunakan AAS FIMS dengan Reverence Recovery Material 100%. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah umur, masa kerja, jam kerja dan konsumsi ikan dengan variabel terikatnya adalah akumulasi logam merkuri pada rambut pekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata akumulasi logam merkuri dalam rambut pekerja antara 2,03 sampai 9,04 ppm atau terdapat 24 orang (60%) mengalami keracunan merkuri lebih dari 2 ppm. Faktor masa kerja (nilai p = 0,000) memiliki korelasi dengan akumulasi logam merkuri pada sampel rambut pekerja yang menunjukan korelasi positif dengan kekuatan sedang (r = 0,552). Hasil analisis multivariat dijelaskan dalam model (akumulasi logam merkuri = -0,315 + 0,896*masa kerja) dengan variabel Adjusted R Square masa kerja sebesar 52,6%.Indonesia has a quite large potential production of gold mining with average production 113.720,4423 kg/year. Gold mining production by mercury could cause health problems, such as mercury poisoning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factor of mercury accumulation in hair samples from illegal gold mining (IGM) workers in Cisarua, Nanggung, Bogor in 2013. This research was a quantitative study by cross sectional approach. The population in this research were all illegal mining workers in Cisarua. The samples were taken using accidental sampling technique with a number of 40 workers and collected by interviews and observation. The measurement of mercury levels in workers hair counted with AAS FIMS by Reverence Recovery Material 100%. The independent variables in this study were age, working period, hours of work and consumption of fish. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was the accumulation of mercury in workers hair samples. The results showed that the average accumulation of mercury in hair samples counted between 2,03 to 9,04 ppm. There are 24 people (60%) suffered mercury poisoning more than 2 ppm. The working period factor (p value = 0.000) correlated with the accumulation of mercury in hair samples of IGM workers. It had a positive correlation with moderate strength (r = 0.552). Multivariate analysis described the model (Accumulation of Mercury = -0.315 + 0.896*working period) with Adjusted R Square 52.6%.

Mercury Poisoning on Gold Miners at Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Indonesia:a Systematic Review

“…Based on research conducted by Rianto et al (2012), it is known that 40% of the study respondents experienced mercury poisoning (Rianto et al, 2012). Two other studies found that 82.8% and 60% of respondents experienced mercury poisoning (Petasule, 2012;Sumantri et al, 2014). While 1 study found 27.8% of respondents had mercury poisoning (Wardiyatun & Hartini, 2009) and 1 study found that mercury levels in urine were still below the threshold value (Asiah et al, 2015).…”

“…The results of two studies examining the relationship of age with mercury poisoning, there was no significant relationship between age and mercury poisoning (Sumantri et al, 2014;Wardiyatun & Hartini, 2009). While one study examining the relationship of nutritional status with mercury poisoning found that there was no significant relationship between nutritional status and mercury poisoning (Wardiyatun & Hartini, 2009).…”

“…One study was published in 2009 (Wardiyatun & Hartini, 2009), 2 studies in 2012 (Petasule, 2012;Rianto, Setiani, & Budiyono, 2012), 1 study in 2014 (Sumantri, Laelasari, Junita, & Nasrudin, 2014), and another in 2015 (Asiah, Alfian, Anwar, Siregar, & Bangun, 2015). Research sites in these studies are in Wonogiri District, North Gorontalo District, Ketapang District, South Aceh District, and Bogor District.…”

“…1, 2018, pp. 10-16 measuring mercury levels in hair (Petasule, 2012;Sumantri et al, 2014), and 1 study measuring mercury in blood (Rianto et al, 2012).…”

“…One of the 2 studies examining the working frequency relationship per week with mercury poisoning found that there was a significant relationship between working frequency per week and mercury poisoning (pvalue = 0.021) (Rianto et al, 2012). Three out of 5 studies have found that there was a significant relationship between working period (years) and mercury poisoning (p-value = 0.046; 0.001; 0.001) (Asiah et al, 2015;Sumantri et al, 2014;Wardiyatun & Hartini, 2009) Behavioral factors Some of the behavioral factors studied were the amount of Hg used per day, the use of PPE, and fish consumption. Two studies examining Hg per day found no significant association between mercury levels used per day and mercury poisoning (Petasule, 2012;Rianto et al, 2012).…”