This article reports development of new scale to measure entrepreneurial characters. Entrepreneurial Characters Scale (SK-WIRA) measures personality traits indicating a person’s capacity to engage in entrepreneurial activity and can be used to study tendency and suitability to work as entrepreneur. In preliminary study, entrepreneurial character is operationalized based on concepts found in literatures: achievement motivation, innovativeness, risk taking, and autonomy. Four SK-WIRA subscales were constructed according to those dimensions. In phase 1 item selection, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were applied. Initial set of SK-WIRA constituted of 40-48 items per subscale was administered to university students (N = 130). It is found that items were not clustered based on the theory, but item types (favorable-unfavorable). Therefore, it is predicted that entrepreneurial characters and non-entrepreneurial characters are probably two different constructs and need to be measured using different tools. Final compilation of SK-WIRA consists only 22 items (all is favorable items) with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .863). Phase 2 construct validity test using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirms that SK-WIRA consists of four correlated factors. The examination of scale internal structure shows good model fit (c2/df = 244.077/205; RMSEA = .038; CFI = .943; TLI = .936; SRMR = .069).

In Indonesia it is estimated that there are around 250,000 artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and generally use mercury for amalgamation process and then release it to the environment during gold refining process.

Mercury (Hg) is a natural element that can be found in air, water and soil. However, various activities may increase mercury levels including artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. Mercury is toxic and persistent that it can harm humans and the environment. The use of mercury in ASGM process can have negative effects on gold miners, one of which is mercury poisoning. Therefore, it is important to know what factors are related with the occurrence of mercury poisoning on gold miners at ASGM. Beside that, there are many studies on mercury poisoning in Indonesia. This research is a systematic review of 5 eligible research journals conducted in the year 2000-2017 in Indonesia. Journals are obtained from Science Direct, Google Scholar and Portal Garuda databases. Factors that are often researched in these studies are age, nutritional status, working hours per day, working frequency per week, working period (years), mercury levels used per day, the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and fish consumption. Based on a systematic study, most journal finds that the hours worked per day, working frequency per week, working period (years), and the use of PPE are significantly related to mercury poisoning. While, age, nutritional status, mercury levels used per day, and fish consumption have no statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of mercury poisoning on gold miners at ASGM in Indonesia.