“…Studies of this nature focus on the histories of the participants (Cattani et al, 2013;Jung & Kim, 2010;Kim, 2013;Narayan & Kadiyali, 2016;Rossman et al, 2010) and also the networks they operate within (Ebbers & Wijnberg, 2009;Packard et al, 2016;Yudelson, 2011), as well as issues of discrimination within such networks (Grugulis & Stoyanova, 2012). Against this backdrop, both commercial and artistic outcomes are examined by Hadida (2010Hadida ( , 2013, and Durand and Hadida (2016). Relatedly, the career paths of film directors and their impacts on box office outcomes are studied by John et al (2017), Chan et al (2018), and Jensen and Kim (2020).…”