“…Later on, most of semiconductor companies across the globe recruited their own STT-MRAM teams focusing on STT-MRAM R&D. The momentum in pursuit of STT-MRAM technology as a future memory is greater than ever before. With a number of test chips demonstrated in the past decade [92,109,110,[165][166][167][168](see Figure 3.24), STT-MRAM R&D reached a peak in 2019. In this year, Everspin launched a game-changing 1 Gb standalone STT-MRAM product with DDR4 interface, targeting the replacement of DRAM in some applications such as enterprise SSDs [28].…”