Long Distance Truck Transport of Intensively Reared Largemouth Bass

Carmichael, Gary J.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1984)46<111:ldttoi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Iversen et al (1998) found no recovery of resting plasma cortisol levels even after 48 h of loading and transport Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts, although a progressive decrease was seen. Similar results were observed by Carmichael (1984) who subjected largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to long distance transport. Even after 96 h, corticosteroid levels remained elevated.…”

Section: Control Anesthesiasupporting

confidence: 80%

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Bolasina

2006

Aquacult Int

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The effects of benzocaine anesthesia on hematological parameters (erythrocyte and platelet number, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit), plasma electrolytes (Na + , K + and Cl -), cortisol, glucose and cholesterol levels in Brazilian codling (Urophycis brasilensis) exposed to a benzocaine bath solution were investigated. Cortisol and glucose levels 1 h after capture from the wild and on days 7 and 14 during the acclimatization period (20 days) were also determined. During the second week, cortisol levels reached to basal values (9 ng ml -1 ). The use of benzocaine causes a significant increase in the erythrocyte number, in the concentration of hemoglobin and sodium and a decrease in chloride. Plasma cortisol and cholesterol levels were higher in fish exposed to the anesthetic, and glucose levels decreased significantly comparing with the control group, showing strong fluctuations between individuals in all the cases. These results show that the use of benzocaine causes an acute stress response that could be reverted quickly and it has to be considered during the evaluation of stress in fish.

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Section: Control Anesthesiasupporting

confidence: 80%

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Bolasina

2006

Aquacult Int

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“…The highest values of osmolality were verified 24h AT and may be related to the feeding that was normalized at that time. Similar ionic response was reported in other transported fish (CARMICHAEL 1984;BARTON et al, 2003), but a simulation of high-density transport did not cause any serious osmoregulatory disturbance in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) until 24h after the stressor (STAURNES et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Stress responses of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) after transport in a closed system under different loading densities

Abreu

Sanabria-Ochoa²,

Gonçalves

et al. 2008

Cienc. Rural

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“…Earlier studies have shown that cortisol is often associated with the detrimental effects of stress including: decreased growth rates, reproductive dysfunction (Morgan et al 1999;Schreck et al 2001;Mommsen et al 1999), increased incidence of disease (Barton 2002;Davis et al 2002Davis et al , 2003Einarsdottir et al 2000a;Einarsdottir et al 2000b;Weyts et al 1999), reduced seawater tolerance (Ventura et al 2011;Iversen et al 2009;Mommsen et al 1999;Redding and Schreck 1983;Sandodden et al 2001) and survival (Iversen et al 2005;Portz et al 2006;Finstad et al 2003;Iversen et al 1998;Hasan and Bart 2007). It has also been suggested that if the fish is not permitted enough time to recover completely after stress, a second, normally nonfatal, stressful occurrence could be fatal (Carmichael 1984), as observed in this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of allostatic load on hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis before and after secondary vaccination in Atlantic salmon postsmolts (Salmo salar L.)

Iversen

Eliassen

2013

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The experiment consisted of three experimental groups; 1) "vaccine and stress", 2) "stress and vaccine" and 3) control. All groups have previously been vaccinated 6 months prior to the start of the experiment. At the start of the experiment the "vaccine and stress" group was vaccinated with Pentium Forte Plus for the second time (25.02.2008), and then given a daily stressor (crowding stressor, 267 kg m-3 in 15 min) for a period of four weeks. The "stress and vaccine" group was given a similar daily stressor for four weeks, and then vaccinated for the second time. The control group was neither stressed nor vaccinated a second time. The results indicates that a fish in the "stress and vaccine" group enters an allostatic overload type 2 due to oversensitivity to ACTH, a reduced efficient negative feedback system, with elevated baseline levels of plasma cortisol, and reduced immune response with pronounced effects on the wellbeing of the animal. The "vaccine and stress" group entered an allostatic overload type 1 response, with oversensitivity to ACTH and transient reduced efficient negative feedback system, but at the end of the experiment the fish had recovered. This study shows that if plasma cortisol becomes elevated prior to vaccination it could instigate an allostatic overload type 2 with dire consequences on animal welfare. To reduce the risk of compromising the animal welfare during commercial vaccination of salmon one propose to grade the fish minimum a week prior to vaccination, or grade simultaneously with vaccination. This could reduce the overall allostatic load during handling and vaccination, and secure a healthy fish, with intact immune response and improved animal welfare.3

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Long Distance Truck Transport of Intensively Reared Largemouth Bass

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Cortisol and hematological response in Brazilian codling, Urophycis brasiliensis (Pisces, Phycidae) subjected to anesthetic treatment

Stress responses of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) after transport in a closed system under different loading densities

The effect of allostatic load on hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal (HPI) axis before and after secondary vaccination in Atlantic salmon postsmolts (Salmo salar L.)

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