Long-range three-dimensional imaging using range-gated laser radar images

Andersson, Pierre

doi:10.1117/1.2183668

Cited by 134 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The first one is the so-called sliding gates or tomography technique. 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] Simply by increasing successively the position of the range gate and capturing for each position at least one GV image, the scene is sampled in depth. The fastest way of determining a range image from this sliding gates sequence is to define for each pixel the gate position for which the gray value is maximal as range value.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on short-wavelength infrared laser gated-viewing at Fraunhofer IOSB

Göhler

Lutzmann

2016

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. This paper reviews the work that has been done at Fraunhofer IOSB (and its predecessor institutes) in the past ten years in the area of laser gated-viewing (GV) in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) band. Experimental system demonstrators in various configurations have been built up to show the potential for different applications and to investigate specific topics. The wavelength of the pulsed illumination laser is 1.57 μm and lies in the invisible, retina-safe region allowing much higher pulse energies than for wavelengths in the visible or near-infrared band concerning eye safety. All systems built up, consist of gated Intevac LIVAR ® cameras based on EBCCD/EBCMOS detectors sensitive in the SWIR band. This review comprises military and civilian applications in maritime and land domain-in particular vision enhancement in bad visibility, long-range applications, silhouette imaging, 3-D imaging by sliding gates and slope method, bistatic GV imaging, and looking through windows. In addition, theoretical studies that were conducted-e.g., estimating 3-D accuracy or modeling range performance-are presented. Finally, an outlook for future work in the area of SWIR laser GV at Fraunhofer IOSB is given. 1 Introduction A gated-viewing (GV) system consists of a pulsed laser illuminator and a synchronizable GV camera. After the laser pulse is emitted, the GV camera waits a predefined delay time until the detector elements integrate all photons that arrive within a very short integration time. Only laser photons that arrive from the corresponding range gate are collected; the fore-and the background are suppressed. The camera delay time determines the gate position and the integration time determines the gate length. The result is a rangegated image with a high target/background contrast as it can be seen in the right image of Fig. 1 for a vehicle at a distance of 480 m and a laser wavelength of 1.57 μm. For comparison, also a nongated, passive image of the vehicle in the wavelength region between 950 and 1650 nm in the shortwavelength infrared (SWIR: 1 to 3 μm) is shown at the left.In Sec. 2, a brief historical overview of some conducted GV experiments in the past 40 years at Fraunhofer IOSB and its predecessor research institutes is given. The main Sec. 3 is divided into 11 sections giving a broad overview of the performed SWIR laser GV activities.

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Section: Three-dimensional Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on short-wavelength infrared laser gated-viewing at Fraunhofer IOSB

Göhler

Lutzmann

2016

Opt. Eng

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“…The system and the analysis method is described in Andersson 5 . The analog range data is quantized into 15 cm range steps (or bins).…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system is scanning in range, a so-called gated viewing system [24]. Using [5], the set of 2D intensity images is transformed into a regular grid with range information (3D data of the scene). Finally, there is data from a forward-looking system with aspect angle 60-70 degrees.…”

Section: A the Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground Target Recognition Using Rectangle Estimation

Grönwall

Gustafsson

Millnert

2006

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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We propose a ground target recognition method based on 3D laser radar data. The method handles general 3D scattered data. It is based on the fact that manmade objects of complex shape can be decomposed to a set of rectangles. The ground target recognition method consists of four steps; 3D size and orientation estimation, target segmentation into parts of approximately rectangular shape, identification of segments that represent the targets functional/main parts and target matching with CAD models. The core in this approach is rectangle estimation. The performance of the rectangle estimation method is evaluated statistically using Monte Carlo simulations. A case study on tank recognition is shown, where 3D data from four fundamentally different types of laser radar systems are used. Although the approach is tested on rather few examples, we believe that the approach is promising.Keywords: Rectangle estimation, laser radar, automatic target recognition 1 Ground target recognition using rectangle estimation Christina Grönwall, Fredrik Gustafsson, Mille Millnert Abstract-We propose a ground target recognition method based on 3D laser radar data. The method handles general 3D scattered data. It is based on the fact that man-made objects of complex shape can be decomposed to a set of rectangles. The ground target recognition method consists of four steps; 3D size and orientation estimation, target segmentation into parts of approximately rectangular shape, identi cation of segments that represent the target's functional/main parts and target matching with CAD models.The core in this approach is rectangle estimation. The performance of the rectangle estimation method is evaluated statistically using Monte Carlo simulations. A case study on tank recognition is shown, where 3D data from four fundamentally different types of laser radar systems are used. Although the approach is tested on rather few examples, we believe that the approach is promising.

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“…The RGI technology uses the method of spatio--temporal framing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The method is based on sending short lighting impulses and the synchronous recording of images.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Fusion in Application of Image Information

Piszczek

2011

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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This paper presents a new look at meaning of metadata in applications using image information. Information potential of images is closely associated with the access to such data as internal and external orientation. It is also essential that advanced vision systems are characterized by individual sets of metadata like e.g. range-gated imaging technology. Linking data mentioned above offers synergetic effects. The camera range-gated imaging is getting functionalities characteristic of the radar and scanner 3D. Technology of augmented reality in connecting with the database offers the functionality of the autonomous guide to real world. Possible functionalities are of course a lot and they depend on the equipment configuration of applied sensor sets. Expressed deliberations about data fusion in vision information systems are based on research activity. Expressed issues concerning modeling, equipment configurations and model results of examinations, point on the great information potential available in advanced vision systems.

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Long-range three-dimensional imaging using range-gated laser radar images

Cited by 134 publications

References 9 publications

Review on short-wavelength infrared laser gated-viewing at Fraunhofer IOSB

Review on short-wavelength infrared laser gated-viewing at Fraunhofer IOSB

Ground Target Recognition Using Rectangle Estimation

Data Fusion in Application of Image Information

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