Long run discharge, performance and efficiency of primary Silicon–air cells with alkaline electrolyte

Durmus, Yasin Emre; Aslanbas, Özgür; Kayser, Steffen Alexander; Tempel, Hermann; Hausen, Florian; Haart, L.G.J. de; Granwehr, Josef; Ein‐Eli, Yair; Eichel, Rüdiger‐A.; Kungl, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.120

Cited by 35 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We suggest that it is essential to report all test parameters, which makes benchmarking easier and help identify the real technological problems. Second, being open systems, the performance of rechargeable Zn–air batteries depends on the external environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, and CO 2 level . In the majority of existing reports, the environmental conditions of battery tests are not specified except that the electrolytes might be periodically replaced to avoid battery performance degradation.…”

Section: Methods Used For Performance Evaluation Of Zn–air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Chen

Zhou

Karahan

et al. 2018

Small

216

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The century-old zinc-air (Zn-air) battery concept has been revived in the last decade due to its high theoretical energy density, environmental-friendliness, affordability, and safety. Particularly, electrically rechargeable Zn-air battery technologies are of great importance for bulk applications like electric vehicles, grid management, and portable electronic devices. Nevertheless, Zn-air batteries are still not competitive enough to realize widespread practical adoption because of issues in efficiency, durability, and cycle life. Here, following an introduction to the fundamentals and performance testing techniques, the latest research progress related to electrically rechargeable Zn-air batteries is compiled, particularly new key findings in the last five years (2013-2018). The strategies concerning the development of Zn and air electrodes are in focus. The design of other battery components, namely electrolytes and separators are also discussed. Poor performance of O electrocatalysts and the lack of the long-term stability of Zn electrodes and electrolytes remain major challenges. Finally, recommendations regarding the testing routines and materials design are provided. It is hoped that this up-to-date account will help to shape the future research activities toward the development of practical electrically rechargeable Zn-air batteries with extended lifetime and superior performance.

show abstract

Section: Methods Used For Performance Evaluation Of Zn–air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Chen

Zhou

Karahan

et al. 2018

Small

216

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Long run continuous discharge of primary Si-air batteries has already been demonstrated along with non-aqueous EMIm(HF) 2.3 F ionic liquid electrolyte in cells with static electrolyte supply [13] and in cells refilled by a pumping system using aqueous KOH electrolyte [14]. Regarding the performance point of view, it is advantageous to use the ionic liquid electrolyte which provides current densities one order of magnitude higher with corrosion being one order of magnitude lower than for the cells operated with KOH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis on discharge behavior and performance of As- and B-doped silicon anodes in non-aqueous Si–air batteries under pulsed discharge operation

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Very high theoretical specific energies and abundant resource availability have emerged interest in primary Si-air batteries during the last decade. When operated with highly doped Si anodes and EMIm(HF) 2.3 F ionic liquid electrolyte, specific energies up to 1660 Wh kg Si −1 can be realized. Owing to their high-discharge voltage, the most investigated anode materials are ⟨100⟩ oriented highly As-doped Si wafers. As there is substantial OCV corrosion for these anodes, the most favorable mode of operation is continuous discharge. The objective of the present work is, therefore, to investigate the discharge behavior of cells with ⟨100⟩ As-doped Si anodes and to compare their performance to cells with ⟨100⟩ B-doped Si anodes under pulsed discharge conditions with current densities of 0.1 and 0.3 mA cm −2 . Nine cells for both anode materials were operated for 200 h each, whereby current pulse time related to total operating time ranging from zero (OCV) to one (continuous discharge), are considered. The corrosion and discharge behavior of the cells were analyzed and anode surface morphologies after discharge were characterized. The performance is evaluated in terms of specific energy, specific capacity, and anode mass conversion efficiency. While for high-current pulse time fractions, the specific energies are higher for cells with As-doped Si anodes, along with low-current pulse fractions the cells with B-doped Si anodes are more favorable. It is demonstrated, that calculations for the specific energy under pulsed discharge conditions based on only two measurements-the OCV and the continuous discharge-match very well with the experimental data.

show abstract

“…[4][5][6] Therefore, new approaches to establish batteries on silicon materials have been put forward using ionic liquid electrolytes. One of the possible approaches is the usage of EMIm(HF) 2.3 F electrolyte which possesses high conductivity, low viscosity and chemical stability in air.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Despite the corrosion reaction, it is still feasible to build an alkaline Si-air cell at a discharge potential around 1.1 V, however, with sacrifice of huge amount of Si anode to corrosion. [4][5][6] Therefore, new approaches to establish batteries on silicon materials have been put forward using ionic liquid electrolytes. One of the possible approaches is the usage of EMIm(HF) 2.3 F electrolyte which possesses high conductivity, low viscosity and chemical stability in air.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dopant Type and Orientation of Silicon Anodes on Performance, Efficiency and Corrosion of Silicon–Air Cells with EMIm(HF)_2.3F Electrolyte

Durmus

Jakobi

Beuse

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intermediate term discharge experiments were performed for Si-air full cells using As-, Sb-and B-doped Si-wafer anodes, with 100 and 111 orientations for each type. Discharge characteristics were analyzed in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mA/cm 2 during 20 h runs, corrosion rates were determined via the mass-change method and surface morphologies after discharge were observed by laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Corresponding to these experiments, potentiodynamic polarization curves were recorded and analyzed with respect to current-potential characteristics and corrosion rates. Both, discharge and potentiodynamic experiments, confirmed that the most pronounced influence of potentials -and thus on performance -results from the dopant type. Most important, the corrosion rates calculated from the potentiodynamic experiments severely underestimate the fraction of anode material consumed in reactions that do not contribute to the conversion of anode mass to electrical energy. With respect to materials selection, the estimates of performance from intermediate term discharge and polarization experiments lead to the same conclusions, favoring 100 and 111 As-doped Si-wafer anodes. However, the losses in the 111 As-doped Si-anodes are by 20% lower, so considering the mass conversion efficiency this type of anode is most suitable for application in non-aqueous Si-air batteries. One line of development in technologies for electrical energy storage is metal-air batteries, which provide high specific energies and -when referring to Zn, Al, Fe, or Si -are at the same time resource effective with respect to the availability and price of the anode materials. The theoretical specific energy of a Si-air cell, related to the anode mass only, is 8470 Wh/kg. Using Si material in aqueous alkaline solutions, however, results in a severe corrosion reaction which is accompanied by intense hydrogen evolution.1-3 Despite the corrosion reaction, it is still feasible to build an alkaline Si-air cell at a discharge potential around 1.1 V, however, with sacrifice of huge amount of Si anode to corrosion. [4][5][6] Therefore, new approaches to establish batteries on silicon materials have been put forward using ionic liquid electrolytes. One of the possible approaches is the usage of EMIm(HF) 2.3 F electrolyte which possesses high conductivity, low viscosity and chemical stability in air.7-10 The proof of concept, that substantial discharge was possible when using EMIm(HF) 2.3 F electrolyte, was proposed in 2010 according to the following reactions: Additionally, a screening of several anode materials -As-, Sband B-doped Si wafers -was performed, in which the cell potential at intermediate current densities as determined from potentiodynamic polarization measurements, was set as major criterion. The corrosion current densities as obtained by the Tafel fits from the polarization experiments for the different wafer types were also considered for the material selection. However, owing to the low corrosion rates, it played a minor ro...

show abstract

Long run discharge, performance and efficiency of primary Silicon–air cells with alkaline electrolyte

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Analysis on discharge behavior and performance of As- and B-doped silicon anodes in non-aqueous Si–air batteries under pulsed discharge operation

Influence of Dopant Type and Orientation of Silicon Anodes on Performance, Efficiency and Corrosion of Silicon–Air Cells with EMIm(HF)_2.3F Electrolyte

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Long run discharge, performance and efficiency of primary Silicon–air cells with alkaline electrolyte

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Recent Advances in Materials and Design of Electrochemically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

Analysis on discharge behavior and performance of As- and B-doped silicon anodes in non-aqueous Si–air batteries under pulsed discharge operation

Influence of Dopant Type and Orientation of Silicon Anodes on Performance, Efficiency and Corrosion of Silicon–Air Cells with EMIm(HF)2.3F Electrolyte

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Influence of Dopant Type and Orientation of Silicon Anodes on Performance, Efficiency and Corrosion of Silicon–Air Cells with EMIm(HF)_2.3F Electrolyte