2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0231-5
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Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador

Abstract: Ecuador presents a unique case study for evaluating personal air pollution exposure in a middle-income country where a clean cooking fuel has been available at low cost for several decades. We measured personal PM 2.5 exposure, stove use, and participant location during a 48-h monitoring period for 157 rural and peri-urban households in coastal and Andean Ecuador. While nearly all households owned a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and used it as their primary cooking fuel, onequarter of households utilized… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…A mismatch between clean stove burner sizes and households' cooking utensils was also identified as hindrance to exclusive use of clean stoves, leading, to fuel stacking practices. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature 13,17,23,24 that describe fuel stacking practices in comparable settings around the world.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…A mismatch between clean stove burner sizes and households' cooking utensils was also identified as hindrance to exclusive use of clean stoves, leading, to fuel stacking practices. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature 13,17,23,24 that describe fuel stacking practices in comparable settings around the world.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Replacing biomass cooking fuels with LPG also reduces deforestation and associated emissions of CO 2 [11] , [12] , and alleviates time poverty through decreased cooking time [13] . LPG is currently used for cooking (exclusively or alongside polluting fuels [14] , [15] ) by over 2.5 billion people worldwide [16] , especially in Latin America [17] and with rapid expansion in India [18] and Indonesia [19] . In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), however, 85% of the population relies on polluting cooking fuels, twice the global average (40%) [20] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our results provide realworld demonstration that household ventilation and the introduction of household chimneys deserve more attention, especially as the evidence is clear that even the availability of modern fuels does not guarantee the disadoption of traditional cooking methods. 58,59 They also show that use of an older/ degraded chimney stove may provide limited or no benefit over an open fire, so that both presence and quality/condition of stove chimneys are critical and that household chimneys (as in Karnataka) may provide more robust benefits. Subsequent publications exploring our extensive data set will discuss the seasonal, diurnal, and inter-location variability in IAQ, identify determinants of this variability, and use it to evaluate the performance of an existing WHO IAQ modeling framework and explore factors influencing the model performance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%