Long-term accelerated weathering of HAS stabilized PE and PP plaques: Compliance of ESRI, IR, and microhardness data characterizing heterogeneity of photooxidation

Pilař, J.; Michálková, Danuše; Šlouf, Miroslav; Vacková, Taťana

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.011

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hence, certain products, such as the covers used for trucks, rooftops for households, and automobiles, could be developed from these blends. The loss of mechanical integrity can be attributed to the oxidation products that result from photodegradation as indicated previously by Pilař et al [2]. It was also evident that major cross-linking of the polymers' matrix took place in all studied formulations after approximately 250 h of exposure, and the effect is shown on the graph as a sharp increase in strain values resulting from major UV degradation, as previously observed by Salem [16].…”

Section: Effect Of Weathering On the Mechanical Properties Of The Virsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Weathering tests are typically performed to investigate the durability and integrity of polymers and have been extensively reported in the past for various polyolefins to study their degradation [1][2][3][4]. However, the behaviour and properties of materials after weathering are not always predictable and can always give way to tailor and engineer products depending on the applications intended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, past reports show that polyethylene (PE) is typically the governing polymer of the properties of polyolefin blends [2,[8][9][10][11]. This is due to the fact that it has a relatively lower melting point ( ) than other common polyolefins (i.e., polypropylene, PP) which alters the studied blend's miscibility [5,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Al–Salem

Al-Dousari

Abraham

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Accelerated weathering test was performed on blends of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and plastic film waste constituting the following percentages of polyolefin polymers (wt.%): LLDPE (46%), low density polyethylene (LDPE, 51%), high density polyethylene (HDPE, 1%), and polypropylene (PP, 2%). Compounded blends were evaluated for their mechanical and physical (optical) properties. The impact of photodegradation on the formulated blends was studied, and loss of mechanical integrity was apparent with respect to both the exposure duration to weathering and waste content. The effect of processing conditions, namely, the die head temperature (DHT) of the blown-film assembly used, was investigated in this work. It was witnessed that surpassing the melting point of the blends constituting polymers did not always result in a synergistic behaviour between polymers. This was suspected to be due to the loss of amorphous region that polyolefin polymers get subjected to with UV exposure under weathering conditions and the effect of the plastic waste constituents. The total change in colour (ΔE) did not change with respect to DHT or waste content due to rapid change degradation on the material’s surface. Haze (%) and light transmission (%) decreased with the increase in waste content which was attributed to lack of miscibility between constituting polymers.

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Section: Effect Of Weathering On the Mechanical Properties Of The Virsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Al–Salem

Al-Dousari

Abraham

et al. 2016

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…The results of the PP and PP/S degradation using the Friedman method and the Kissinger method in this study, showed a noted increase in the E a value, with respect to the weathering effect. Weathering triggers photo-oxidation reactions within the PP matrix, resulting in the release of free radicals 52 and cross-linking reactions. 53 This results in the degradation of the polymer and renders it rigid and disintegrated.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Virgin Polypropylene (PP) and PP with Starch Blends Exposed to Natural Weathering

Al–Salem

Sharma

Khan

et al. 2017

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The objective of this work is to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters of polypropylene (PP) and compare them to those of a polypropylene/starch blend (PP/S) (70/30 (wt %)), taking into account the effect of photodegradation caused by natural weathering. Samples were taken from tree shelters exposed to four years of natural weathering and compared to the unexposed material stored under laboratory conditions. Nonisothermal (dynamic) thermogravimetery was used with five different heating rates (β): 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C min −1 . Several analytical model-free methods were used to determine the kinetic parameters, including the Friedman, Coats and Redfern, Kissinger, and Flynn−Wall− Ozawa (FWO) methods. The model-fitting method of Criado was also applied to determine the optimal mechanism of degradation that the polymers followed. In addition, an analytical solution was developed to mathematically model the experimental data and estimate the kinetic parameters. The analytical approach was developed based on each degradation stage of the PP/S blend, considering starch degradation at first, followed by PP. A change in the degradation mechanism could be deduced because of the effect of weathering and starch addition, which affected the kinetic parameters of the degradation reaction. The thermal stability of the materials was also affected, because of the natural weathering and addition of starch, which, on the other hand, affected the kinetic parameters of the degradation reaction.

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“…Nevertheless, it is well established that aging of PE results in a significant deterioration in its properties, resulting in early failure. Therefore, much work has been directed to characterize its photo‐degradation , mainly in terms of the chemical changes occurring and their effect on the physical and mechanical properties . These were mainly characterized by the increase in the “carbonyl index” (CI) value and the reduction of the elongation at break.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of surface phenomena: probing early stage degradation of low‐density polyethylene films

Hirsch

Barel

Segal

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Photo‐oxidative degradation of polyethylene triggers significant deterioration in the polymer properties. Much interest is aimed at characterizing and possibly predicting photo‐oxidative damages, at early stages, prior to the occurrence of profound changes in mechanical properties. Herein, we study the degradation of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films, focusing on surface deterioration processes. Thin films of various molecular weights are exposed to accelerated weathering while their chemical, mechanical and morphological characteristics are monitored throughout by apparent contact angle (CA) measurements, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, and electron microscopy. A significant decrease in the films' CA during degradation is observed. CA is highly sensitive to two simultaneous phenomena with opposing effect: nanoscale surface roughening and composition changes. We found the latter (specifically the evolution of polar groups) to be the dominant parameter affecting the CA behavior. Consequently, simple CA measurements coincide well with conventional FTIR analysis, and are more sensitive to changes occurring at early stages of degradation. The deterioration in the mechanical properties is also characterized and is found to present poor sensitivity and high variability at these early aging stages. Thus, simple CA measurements could potentially be used as a qualitative indicator for evaluating the aging impact on LDPE. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E129–E137, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Long-term accelerated weathering of HAS stabilized PE and PP plaques: Compliance of ESRI, IR, and microhardness data characterizing heterogeneity of photooxidation

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Effect of Die Head Temperature at Compounding Stage on the Degradation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Plastic Film Waste Blends after Accelerated Weathering

Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Virgin Polypropylene (PP) and PP with Starch Blends Exposed to Natural Weathering

Characterization of surface phenomena: probing early stage degradation of low‐density polyethylene films

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