Long‐term acclimatization of hydraulic properties, xylem conduit size, wall strength and cavitation resistance inPhaseolus vulgarisin response to different environmental effects

Abstract

Phaseolus vulgaris grown under various environmental conditions was used to assess long-term acclimatization of xylem structural characteristics and hydraulic properties. Conduit diameter tended to be reduced and 'wood' density (of 'woody' stems) increased under low moisture ('dry'), increased soil porosity ('porous soil') and low phosphorus ('low P') treatments. Dry and low P had the largest percentage of small vessels. Dry, low light ('shade') and porous soil treatments decreased P 50 (50% loss in conductivity) by 0.15-0.25 MPa (greater cavitation resistance) compared with 'controls'. By contrast, low P increased P 50 by 0.30 MPa (less cavitation resistance) compared with porous soil (the control for low P). Changes in cavitation resistance were independent of conduit diameter. By contrast, changes in cavitation resistance were correlated with wood density for the control, dry and porous soil treatments, but did not appear to be a function of wood density for the shade and low P treatments. In a separate experiment comparing control and porous soil plants, stem hydraulic conductivity ( k h ), specific conductivity ( k s ), leaf specific conductivity (LSC), total pot water loss, plant biomass and leaf area were all greater for control plants compared to porous soil plants. Porous soil plants, however, demonstrated higher midday stomatal conductance to water vapour ( g s ), apparently because they experienced proportionally less midday xylem cavitation.

Herb Hydraulics: Inter- and Intraspecific Variation in Three Ranunculus Species

“…Within-species variation in hydraulic parameters was found previously for woody species (Matzner et al, 2001;Cochard et al, 2007;Beikircher and Mayr, 2009; Charra-Vaskou et al, 2012) and herbaceous species (Holste et al, 2006;Tixier et al, 2013;Nolf et al, 2014). R. acris was chosen for its wide distribution and broad ecological amplitude and showed trends for intraspecific variation.…”

Comparación de las estructuras morfológicas en raíz e hipocótilo en frijol

“…This study clearly shows that, the most important characters for plant adaptation to drought are those that enable efficient capture and transport of water and nutrients within the plant as indicated by (Nardinia et al, 2011 andVan Bela et al, 2011) the diameter of the root xylem vessels of the roots are undoubtedly important characteristics to determine the amount and speed of movement of water into the plant, especially when the roots detect deficiencies in the amount of water available for growth processes of the plant (Holste et al, 2006). The length and root dry weight determine the size of the root system and the volume of soil that can be explored, for absorbing water and nutrients, the rate of growth (relative growth rate or root elongation rate) and the abundance of branches of lateral roots are also important characteristics for the development of a widespread and deep root system that can effectively capture moisture in the layers near to the soil surface and deeper in the soil profile.…”

“…Plantas en condiciones de intemperie a los 23 dds. Table 3 más importantes para la adaptación de la planta a la sequía son aquellos que permiten una captura y transporte eficiente del agua y nutrientes al interior de la planta como lo señalan Nardinia et al 2011y Van Bela et al 2011; el diámetro de la raíz y los vasos del xilema de la raíces, sin duda son caracteres importantes para determinar la cantidad y velocidad de movimiento del agua al interior de la planta, sobre todo cuando las raíces detectan deficiencias en la cantidad del agua disponible, para los procesos de crecimiento de la planta (Holste et al, 2006). La longitud y peso seco de las raíces determinan el tamaño del sistema radical y el volumen de suelo que pueden explorar, para la absorción de agua y nutrientes; la velocidad de crecimiento (tasa relativa de crecimiento o tasa de elongación radical) y la abundancia de las ramificaciones de las raíces laterales, son también características importantes para el desarrollo de un sistema radical extendido y profundo, que pueda capturar humedad eficazmente en las capas cercanas a la superficie del suelo y a mayor profundidad en el perfil del suelo.…”

Root Anatomy and Growth of Capsicum frutescens L. on Verticulture with Different Watering Supply

“…In this study, P2T3 and P3T3 plants produced narrower stele and xylem tissue than that in the P1 plants. The smaller diameter of vascular tissue under drought also occured in soybean (Makbul et al, 2011) and Phaseoulus vulgaris (Holste et al, 2006). Under water shortage, stele diameter reduction was due to decreasing a number of trachea number as found in Anarthrophyllum chilense, Lycium rigidum (Durante et al, 2011) and a decrease of xylem diameter (Sinaga, 2007).…”