Long-term adverse effects of intramuscular oil injection

Fake Popeye Muscles. Soft Tissue Granulomas Secondary to Intramuscular Synthetic Oil Injections in Bodybuilding. Case Series and a Literature Review

“…Irregularity and contour deformities particularly if the SEO is injected non-uniformly or the same site has repeated injections. Devastating intravenous injections of SEO leading to cardio-respiratory compromise has been reported [4,6]. However, the most common side effect is long-term chronic granulomatous disease such as the cases reported in this series.…”

“…Purified oils such as (soy oil, safflower oil, sesame oil and purified long and medium chain emulsions have been marketed by pharmaceutical companies as natural substitutes for anabolic steroids in muscle enhancing practices such as bodybuilding. The German bodybuilder Christopher T Clark was the first professional bodybuilder to market the synthetic oil Esiclene for recreational muscle injections [1,4,6]. He first marketed the formula in 1996 under the name Synthol and then renamed Syntherol with numerous formulations since then.…”

“…In fact, Synthol has been used for years by professional bodybuilders those want to enhance the appearance of lagging muscles before competitions [1,4]. Synthol takes effect almost immediately, making it literally the fastest way to get the desired muscle size and shape, compared to anabolic steroids that takes time to work [4][5][6][7]. The Synthol epidemic is largely driven by a huge increase in usage in countries like Brazil, Argentina and Columbia, and it is legal to buy through the internet [1,3] (Table 1).…”

An overview of HIFEM technology in body contouring

“…A few injectable-based solutions were introduced for such purposes, but they put patients' life to a high risk. 1 There are a few surgical procedures that could affect muscles esthetically, such as abdominoplasty or subdermal radiofrequency.…”

“…Still, many established noninvasive and surgical body contouring procedures have been unable to modify the shape and structure of the muscles, which could impact the body contour positively. A few injectable‐based solutions were introduced for such purposes, but they put patients' life to a high risk 1 . There are a few surgical procedures that could affect muscles esthetically, such as abdominoplasty or subdermal radiofrequency.…”