Long-term and short-term preservation strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine products: state of the art and emerging trends

Abstract

There is an ever-growing need of human tissues and organs for transplantation. However, the availability of such tissues and organs is insufficient by a large margin, which is a huge medical and societal problem. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) represent potential solutions to this issue and have therefore been attracting increased interest from researchers and clinicians alike. But the successful large-scale clinical deployment of TERM products critically depends on the development of efficient preservation methodologies. The existing preservation approaches such as slow freezing, vitrification, dry state preservation, and hypothermic and normothermic storage all have issues that somehow limit the biomedical applications of TERM products. In this review, the principles and application of these approaches will be summarized, highlighting their advantages and limitations in the context of TERM products preservation.

New Challenges for Anatomists in the Era of Omics

“…The available resources, and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of human remains for medical education and research together with the intended use of preserved cadavers influenced technological advances in this field, leading to innovative approaches that enhance the quality, longevity, and utility of preserved specimens [ 127 ]. To better mimic the natural properties of tissues and organs, novel solutions have been developed to maintain the structural integrity and functional characteristics of preserved specimens over longer periods [ 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ]. Moreover, to monitor and alert users to quality of the preservation, the usage of biosensors can provide real-time information about any changes that might affect the cadavers’/tissues’ conditions, such as pH, temperature, and moisture levels [ 132 , 133 ].…”

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

“…Tissue preservation is required for most ex vivo analyses, and includes methods such as slow freezing, vitrification, hypothermic preservation, and cryopreservation. 189 In vivo analyses. Numerous methods exist for noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of scaffold-induced bone This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024 regeneration, including bone mineral density (BMD).…”

“…Tissue preservation is required for most ex vivo analyses, and includes methods such as slow freezing, vitrification, hypothermic preservation, and cryopreservation. 189 …”

Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possibilities and Challenges of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Based Therapies

“…Adherence to GMP is crucial, and the use of bioreactors and automated systems offer controlled environments and improved scalability for large-scale production [54,166,167]. Additionally, frozen preservation techniques are being developed to enhance long-term cell viability and facilitate storage and transportation [168].…”