Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study

Bright, Richard; Fernandes, Daniel J.; Wood, Jonathan; Palms, Dennis; Burzava, Anouck; Ninan, Neethu; Brown, Toby D.; Barker, Dan; Vasilev, Krasimir

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100176

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Nanostructures on NaOH-etched surfaces appeared more densely packed, straighter ( Figure 1 A–E), and shorter than those formed on KOH-etched surfaces ( Figure 1 E–J). The nanostructures formed on the KOH-etched samples appeared to be arranged in a hierarchal disordered format ( Figure 1 F–J) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Nanostructured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: The Role of Two Alkaline Etchants and the Hydrothermal Processing Duration on Antibacterial Activity

et al. 2022

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Inspired by observations that the natural topography observed on cicada and dragonfly wings may be lethal to bacteria, researchers have sought to reproduce these nanostructures on biomaterials with the goal of reducing implant-associated infections. Titanium and its alloys are widely employed biomaterials with excellent properties but are susceptible to bacterial colonisation. Hydrothermal etching is a simple, cost-effective procedure which fabricates nanoscale protrusions of various dimensions upon titanium, depending on the etching parameters used. We investigated the role of etching time and the choice of cation (sodium and potassium) in the alkaline heat treatment on the topographical, physical, and bactericidal properties of the resulting modified titanium surfaces. Optimal etching times were 4 h for sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 5 h for potassium hydroxide (KOH). NaOH etching for 4 h produced dense, but somewhat ordered, surface nanofeatures with 75 nanospikes per µm2. In comparison, KOH etching for 5 h resulted sparser but nonetheless disordered surface morphology with only 8 spikes per µm2. The NaOH surface was more effective at eliminating Gram-negative pathogens, while the KOH surface was more effective against the Gram-positive strains. These findings may guide further research and development of bactericidal titanium surfaces which are optimised for the predominant pathogens associated with the intended application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Inspired Nanostructured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: The Role of Two Alkaline Etchants and the Hydrothermal Processing Duration on Antibacterial Activity

et al. 2022

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“…9 A recent strategy that has attracted significant attention involves the fabrication of nanoscale structures that kill bacteria upon contact by mechanical interactions, thus inhibiting biofilm formation. 10,11 This type of mechano-bactericidal effect was first observed in Nature on the wing surface of cicadas. 12−14 Bioinspired mechanobactericidal topographies have since been applied to synthetic materials based on silicon and titanium.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…The severity of the problem has triggered much research directed toward devising innovative antibacterial surface modification approaches . A recent strategy that has attracted significant attention involves the fabrication of nanoscale structures that kill bacteria upon contact by mechanical interactions, thus inhibiting biofilm formation. , This type of mechano-bactericidal effect was first observed in Nature on the wing surface of cicadas. − Bioinspired mechano-bactericidal topographies have since been applied to synthetic materials based on silicon and titanium. ,, The bactericidal mechanism of these surfaces has been attributed to a combination of cell membrane penetration by the sharp nanostructures, leading to cell rupture, , and the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress . While such surfaces have been demonstrated to be particularly effective at killing Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus with highly rigid cell walls have been demonstrated to be more difficult to completely eradicate .…”

Section: Characterization and Cytocompatibility Of Hte-timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences in the membrane composition between mammalian and bacterial cells lead to variations in membrane fluidity. Bacteria have a rigid peptidoglycan layer, rendering them susceptible to mechanobactericidal killing by the nanostructures. , Furthermore, as mammalian cells (10–100 μm) are much larger than bacterial cells (0.5–5 μm), mammalian cells are able to disperse downward pressure on the nanostructures over a larger surface. ,, …”

Section: Characterization and Cytocompatibility Of Hte-timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,31 Furthermore, as mammalian cells (10− 100 μm) are much larger than bacterial cells (0.5−5 μm), mammalian cells are able to disperse downward pressure on the nanostructures over a larger surface. 10,24,32 Vancomycin Treatment of Mature S. Aureus Biofilm on HTE-Ti. To understand the effect of the nanostructured surface on the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotics, first we cultured S. aureus on the AR-Ti and HTE-Ti surfaces for 3 days.…”

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Surfaces Containing Sharp Nanostructures Enhance Antibiotic Efficacy

et al. 2022

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The ever-increasing rate of medical device implantations is met by a proportionately high burden of implantassociated infections. To mitigate this threat, much research has been directed toward the development of antibacterial surface modifications by various means. One recent approach involves surfaces containing sharp nanostructures capable of killing bacteria upon contact. Herein, we report that the mechanical interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and such surface nanostructures leads to a sensitization of the pathogen to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate that this is due to cell wall damage and impeded bacterial defenses against reactive oxygen species. The results of this study promise to be impactful in the clinic, as a combination of nanostructured antibacterial surfaces and antibiotics commonly used in hospitals may improve antimicrobial therapy strategies, helping clinicians to prevent and treat implant-associated infections using reduced antibiotic concentrations instead of relying on invasive revision surgeries with often poor outcomes.

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Design and Properties of Antimicrobial Biomaterials Surfaces

Mehrjou

Liu

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Emergence of antibiotic-resistance pathogens has caused serious health issues and if the current trend is to continue, treatment of the infection will become complicated and even unsuccessful due to new antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, there is a global drive to identify new methods to treat infection and develop better antibacterial materials and therapy. Although new and more potent antibiotics have aided the fight against microbes, they only offer a temporary solution because future bacteria strains may become resistant to these antibiotics and drugs. Recently, application of non-biological methods such as, electrical currents and photothermal/dynamic therapies to kill bacteria, reveal new approaches to design antimicrobial biomaterials, as complications stemming from drug-resistant bacteria can be obviated. Furthermore, recent research has focused on mimicking the surface patterns on plants and insects such as lotus leaves and dragonfly wings. Bio-inspired micro/nano patterns have been replicated on a variety of biomaterials to improve the bacterial resistance and other properties with good success. This is an exciting research area with immense practical and clinical potentials. In this review, recent advances in the application of chemical/biological approaches to combat bacterial infection and AMR are summarized and the related mechanisms are discussed.

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Long-term antibacterial properties of a nanostructured titanium alloy surface: An in vitro study

Cited by 29 publications

References 85 publications

Bio-Inspired Nanostructured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: The Role of Two Alkaline Etchants and the Hydrothermal Processing Duration on Antibacterial Activity

Bio-Inspired Nanostructured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy: The Role of Two Alkaline Etchants and the Hydrothermal Processing Duration on Antibacterial Activity

Surfaces Containing Sharp Nanostructures Enhance Antibiotic Efficacy

Design and Properties of Antimicrobial Biomaterials Surfaces

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