Long-term bioenergy sorghum harvest strategy and soil quality

Shahandeh, H.; Hons, Frank M.; Storlien, Joseph O.; Wight, Jason P.

doi:10.3934/energy.2016.4.633

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The expression (TPM) of these genes in nodal, surface, and deep roots (highest TPM highlighted) Shadandeh et al, 2016). SOC was not measured in the current study, but a 7-year study of a forage "bioenergy" sorghum showed that plots of continuous sorghum with ~2.4 Mg/ha residue return increased SOC substantially in the top 30 cm of the soil profile (~2.17 Mg C/ha/yr) (Shahandeh et al, 2016). A large portion of the bioenergy sorghum root biomass is located in large diameter nodal roots that emerge from stem nodes and extend into the top of the soil profile within 20 cm of the stem similar to grain sorghum (~80%) (Myers, 1980) and maize (Nichols et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Substantial SOC depletion has occurred on annual cropland (Lal, 2004;Post & Kwon, 2000) that could be restored through deployment of deep rooting crops in combination with improved management (Zomer et al, 2017). Annual photoperiod sensitive forage "bioenergy" sorghum was found to increase SOC (Meki et al, 2013;Shahandeh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, SOC deposited by deep roots has been shown to turnover at a slower rate compared to roots near the soil surface (Balesdent et al, 2018). This may explain why in a 7-year trial of a bioenergy sorghum forage, SOC increased in the deepest portion of the soil profile measured (60-90 cm) (Shahandeh et al, 2016) even though root biomass accumulation at that depth is much less than the top 20 cm of the soil profile. The depth of bioenergy sorghum root growth into the soil profile early in the growing season could have been restricted by a high water table and low oxygen as suggested for maize (Ordóñez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the estimated C.I. value for bioenergy sorghum ethanol may have been high because the study assumed bioenergy crop production would have a negative impact on SOC although a 7-year study of an early generation bioenergy sorghum significantly increased SOC (Shahandeh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information on bioenergy sorghum's root system is needed to understand why growing this type of biomass crop on annual cropland increased SOC (Shahandeh et al, 2016). Root system morphology, extent of proliferation in the soil profile, and transport functions and their impact on the uptake of water, N-fertilizer, and other nutrients from soil profiles need to be further characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland

et al. 2021

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Bioenergy sorghum has high biomass yield potential, drought resilience, good nitrogen use efficiency, and a root system that contributes to the accumulation of soil organic carbon. In this study, field grown bioenergy sorghum root systems were analyzed during the growing season to characterize their depth, biomass, morphology, anatomy, and gene expression profiles. Bioenergy sorghum roots grew continuously during a 155-day growing season producing ~175 nodal roots, accumulating ~7 Mg of dry biomass per hectare, and reaching >2 m deep in the soil profile. Nodal roots within 20 cm of the stem were 1-5 mm in diameter, whereas roots deeper in soil profiles were enriched in lateral roots with small diameters (~30-500 µm) enabling growth through soil macropores. In older field-grown plants, roots with intact endodermal, vascular and inner root tissues were surrounded by degraded or aerenchymafilled epidermal and cortical cell layers. Transcriptome analysis of nodal, surface, and deep roots identified >2,500 differentially expressed genes involved in root growth, transport, adaptation, defense, and AMF-root interaction. Deep roots (180-240 cm) differentially expressed genes that regulate lateral root growth. Surface roots (0-20 cm) located mid-row differentially expressed genes involved in nitrate transport, whereas ammonium transport genes were expressed in surface and deep roots and genes involved in phosphate transport were expressed in nodal, surface, and deep roots. Overall, bioenergy sorghum's long growing season enables root systems to grow deeper and accumulate more biomass than annual grain crops such as maize, attributes that could help restore annual cropland soil organic carbon levels and improve soil productivity. Deep roots active in nutrient transport are positioned to take-up fertilizer leached deep into soil profiles mitigating potential nutrient run-off. Bioenergy sorghum's large and deep root system is a key to sustainable production of biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts on annual cropland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland

et al. 2021

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Soil depth determines the microbial communities inSorghum bicolorfields

Murray,

Minich,

Saxton

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sorghum bicolor, an important global crop, adapted to thrive in hotter and drier conditions than maize or rice, has deep roots that interact with a unique and stratified soil microbiome that plays a crucial role in plant health, growth, and carbon storage. Microbiome studies on agricultural soils, particularly fields growing S. bicolor, have been mostly limited to surface soils (<30 cm). Here we investigated the abiotic factors of soil properties, field location, depth, and the biotic factors of sorghum type across 38 genotypes on the soil microbiome. Utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, our analysis reveals significant changes in microbial composition and decreasing diversity at increasing soil depths within S. bicolor regardless of genotype or fields. Notably, specific microbial families, such as Thermogemmatisporaceae and an unclassified family within the ABS-6 order, were enriched in deeper soil layers beyond 30 cm. Additionally, microbial richness and diversity declined with depth, reaching a minimum at the 60 - 90 cm layer, with layers beyond 90 cm increasing in alpha diversity. These findings highlight the importance of soil depth in agricultural soil microbiome studies.

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Bioenergy sorghum stem growth regulation: intercalary meristem localization, development, and gene regulatory network analysis

Oliver

McKinley

et al. 2022

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARY Bioenergy sorghum is a highly productive drought tolerant C4 grass that accumulates 80% of its harvestable biomass in approximately 4 m length stems. Stem internode growth is regulated by development, shading, and hormones that modulate cell proliferation in intercalary meristems (IMs). In this study, sorghum stem IMs were localized above the pulvinus at the base of elongating internodes using magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy, and transcriptome analysis. A change in cell morphology/organization occurred at the junction between the pulvinus and internode where LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (SbLOB), a boundary layer gene, was expressed. Inactivation of an AGCVIII kinase in DDYM (dw2) resulted in decreased SbLOB expression, disrupted IM localization, and reduced internode cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis identified approximately 1000 genes involved in cell proliferation, hormone signaling, and other functions selectively upregulated in the IM compared with a non‐meristematic stem tissue. This cohort of genes is expressed in apical dome stem tissues before localization of the IM at the base of elongating internodes. Gene regulatory network analysis identified connections between genes involved in hormone signaling and cell proliferation. The results indicate that gibberellic acid induces accumulation of growth regulatory factors (GRFs) known to interact with ANGUSTIFOLIA (SbAN3), a master regulator of cell proliferation. GRF:AN3 was predicted to induce SbARF3/ETT expression and regulate SbAN3 expression in an auxin‐dependent manner. GRFs and ARFs regulate genes involved in cytokinin and brassinosteroid signaling and cell proliferation. The results provide a molecular framework for understanding how hormone signaling regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation in the stem IM.

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Long-term bioenergy sorghum harvest strategy and soil quality

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland

Bioenergy sorghum’s deep roots: A key to sustainable biomass production on annual cropland

Soil depth determines the microbial communities inSorghum bicolorfields

Bioenergy sorghum stem growth regulation: intercalary meristem localization, development, and gene regulatory network analysis

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