Long-term changes in forest soil acidity in Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Drohan, Joy; Sharpe, William E.

doi:10.1007/bf02406171

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Such inputs accelerate loss of base cations (Knoepp and Swank 1994;Bailey et al 1996;Likens et al 1998;Markewitz et al 1998). Limited resampling of soils at forested sites in northwestern Pennsylvania using the analytical methods of the original sampling suggested a trend of increasing soil acidity since the 1960s (Drohan and Sharpe 1997), although these results have not been confirmed by reanalysis of archived soils or nutrient budgets. In northern Pennsylvania, the relative contributions of geologic factors and acidic deposition to low base cation status and sugar maple decline remain unquantified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Horsley¹,

Long²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Revue canadienne de recherche forestière

106

145

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Mortality of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has reached unusually high levels across northern Pennsylvania since the early to mid-1980s. We evaluated the influence of glaciation, topographic position, foliage chemistry, defoliation history, and stand characteristics (species composition, structure, density) on the health of sugar maple in 43 stands at 19 sites on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Using percent dead sugar maple basal area as the measure of health, we found that all moderately to severely declining stands were on unglaciated summits, shoulders, or upper backslopes. Stands on glaciated sites and unglaciated lower topographic positions were not declining. The most important factors associated with sugar maple health were foliar levels of Mg and Mn and defoliation history. The lowest foliar Mg, highest foliar Mn, and highest number and severity of insect defoliations were associated with unglaciated summits, shoulders, and upper backslopes. Declining stands had less than -700 mg·kg -1 Mg and two or more moderate to severe defoliations in the past 10 years; both conditions were associated with moderately to severely declining stands. The decline disease of sugar maple seems to result from an interaction between Mg (and perhaps Mn) nutrition and stress caused by defoliation.Résumé : La mortalité de l'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) a atteint des proportions anormalement élevées partout dans le nord de la Pennsylvanie depuis le début ou le milieu des années 1980. Nous avons étudié l'influence de la glaciation, de la topographie, de la chimie foliaire, des défoliations passées, et des caractéristiques du peuplement (composition, structure et densité) sur la santé de l'érable à sucre dans 43 peuplements établis sur 19 sites dans la partie nord du plateau alléghanien. En utilisant le pourcentage de surface terrière que représentent les érables à sucre morts comme mesure de l'état de santé, nous avons trouvé que tous les peuplements où le dépérissement était modéré à sévère étaient situés sur les sommets, les contreforts, ou le haut des revers qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation. Les peuplements situés sur des sites exposés à la glaciation ou des sites plus bas qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation ne dépérissaient pas. Les facteurs les plus importants associés à la santé de l'érable à sucre étaient les concentrations foliaires de Mg et Mn et les défoliations passées. La plus faible concentration foliaire de Mg, la plus forte concentration foliaire de Mn, la sévérité la plus élevée et le plus grand nombre de défoliations d'insectes étaient associés aux sommets, aux contreforts, ou au haut des revers qui n'avaient pas subi la glaciation. Les peuplements dépérissants avaient moins d'environ 700 mg·kg -1 de Mg et avaient subi au moins deux défoliations modérées à sévères au cours des 10 dernières années. Ces deux facteurs étaient associés à des peuplements où le dépérissement était modéré à sévère. Le dépérissement de l'érable à sucre semble être le résultat d'une interaction entre la nutri...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Horsley¹,

Long²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Revue canadienne de recherche forestière

106

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ca, Mg, K and others) depletion in soils due to acid deposition and forest regrowth. Resampling of forest soils in northwestern Pennsylvania shows an increase in soil acidity of 0.78 and 0.23 pH units in the O and A horizons after 36 years (DROHAN, SHARPE 1997). The high mortality rates and reduced vigor reported for sugar maples experienced in northern Pennsylvania and Quebec, Canada over the last decade has been linked to cation depletion from those soils (DUCHESNE et al 2002;LONG et al 1997;HORSLEY et al 2000;MOORE et al 2000;DROHAN et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of soil acidification in North America

Fenn¹,

Huntington²,

McLaughlin³

et al. 2006

J. For. Sci.

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Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant response to acid deposition for a wide range of forest soils in North America. For red spruce, a clear link has been established between acidic deposition, alterations in calcium and aluminum supplies and increased sensitivity to winter injury. Cation depletion appears to contribute to sugar maple decline on some soils, specifically the high mortality rates observed in northern Pennsylvania over the last decade. While responses to liming have not been systematically examined in North America, in a study in Pennsylvania, restoring basic cations through liming increased basal area growth of sugar maple and levels of calcium and magnesium in soil and foliage. In the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California near the west coast, the pH of the A horizon has declined by at least 2 pH units (to pH 4.0–4.3) over the past 30 years, with no detrimental effects on bole growth; presumably, because of the Mediterranean climate, base cation pools are still high and not limiting for plant growth.

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“…4). Previous studies of longterm changes in soil pH showed that the rate of decrease of soil pH in surface mineral soils ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 units per year in natural forests (Drohan and Sharpe 1997;Jonsson et al 2002;Bailey et al 2005) and from 0.03 to 0.05 units per year in plantation forests (Binkley et al 1989;Knoepp and Swank 1994;Richter et al 1994;Ritter et al 2003). Thus, the rate of decrease of 0.07 pH units per year in this study was noticeably higher than the previously reported values.…”

Section: Soil Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Soil and stream water acidification in a forested catchment in central Japan

et al. 2009

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Rapid industrialization in East Asia is causing adverse effects due to atmospheric deposition in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Decreasing stream pH and alkalinity and increasing NO 3 -concentrations were observed throughout the 1990s in the forested Lake Ijira catchment in central Japan. We investigated these changes using data on atmospheric deposition, soil chemistry, stream water chemistry, and forest growth. Average atmospheric depositions (wet ? dry) of 0.83, 0.57, and 1.37 kmol ha -1 year -1 for hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrogen, respectively, were among the highest levels in Japan. Atmospheric deposition generally decreased before 1994 and increased thereafter. The catchment was acidsensitive; stream alkalinity was low (134 lmol c l -1 ) and pH in surface mineral soils decreased from 4.5 in 1990 to 3.9 in 2003. Stream NO 3 -concentration nearly doubled (from 22 to 42 lmol c l -1 ) from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. Stream NO 3 -concentration was

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Long-term changes in forest soil acidity in Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Cited by 43 publications

References 15 publications

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau

Status of soil acidification in North America

Soil and stream water acidification in a forested catchment in central Japan

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