Long term climate deviations: an alternative approach and application on the Palmer drought severity index in Hungary

The history and impacts of airborneAmbrosia(Asteraceae) pollen in Hungary

“…The practical advantage of PS probe statistics (Eq. 3), used by the Makra-test, is that the procedure changes only three numbers (m and n -twice) in each step of the repeated applications, while in case of the two-sample test, six numbers have to be modified (Makra & Horvá th 2000, Makra et al 2002, 2004Tar et al 2001).…”

“…The basic question of this test is whether or not a significant difference can be found between the averages of an arbitrary subsample of a given time series, and the whole sample (Makra & Horvá th 2000, Makra et al 2002, 2004Tar et al 2001).…”

“…Comparison of averages of all possible sub-samples with that of the entire data set respectively is the most detailed calculation and hence gives greatest accuracy. Detection of significant deviations also includes information on their duration, onset and end (Makra & Horvath 2000, Makra et al 2002, 2004Tar et al 2001).…”

Meteorological variables connected with airborne ragweed pollen in Southern Hungary

“…The basic question addressed by this test is whether or not a significant difference can be found between the averages of an arbitrary subsample of a given time series and the whole sample (Makra et al 2000(Makra et al , 2002Tar et al 2001). Let x 1 , x 2 , ... x n ... x N represent independent random variables of normal distribution, with mean m. Let E(x) be the expected value of x, with D(x) its standard deviation.…”

“…For example, in the case of 99 pieces of data (years) this means 4,752 repeated comparisons of the subsample average and the overall mean. Detection of significant deviations also includes information on their duration, onset and end (Makra et al 2000(Makra et al , 2002Tar et al 2001).…”