Long term effects of bioactive glass particulates on dental pulp stem cells in vitro

Abstract

Bioactive glasses (BG) are known for their ability to induce bone formation by the action of their dissolution products. Glasses can deliver active ions at a sustained rate, determined by their composition and surface area. Nanoporous sol-gel derived BGs can biodegrade rapidly, which can lead to a detrimental burst release of ions and a pH rise. The addition of phosphate into the glass can buffer the pH during dissolution. Here, dissolution of BG with composition 60 mol% SiO 2 , 28 mol% CaO and 12 mol% P 2 O 5 at 600 µg/ml were investigated. Initially, the dissolution and apatite formation of the BG particulates were examined in simulated body fluid using FTIR and XRD. BG particulates were indirectly exposed to dental pulp stem cells, and the effect of 14 days continuous ion release on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) viability and differentiation was evaluated. Alamar blue assay showed that cell proliferation was not inhibited by the continuous release of Ca, P and soluble silica. In fact, hDPSC in the presence of BG particulate displayed a higher density of mineralized nodules than untreated cells, as assessed by Alizarin red. The results will have a great contribution to the in vivo application of this particular BG.

Creation of a unique architectural structure of bioactive glass sub‐micron particles incorporated in a polycaprolactone/gelatin fibrous mat; characterization, bioactivity, and cellular evaluations

“…Isolation and cell culture of DPSCs. Intact human impacted third molars with immature roots were collected, under the approved guidelines by the Ethical committee of Royan institute as previously described by Labbaf et al 7,8 Briefly The separated pulp from the crowns and roots was cut into small pieces and digested in 3 mg/mL collagenase type I (Sigma-Aldrich). The collected cell suspensions were seeded onto a culture plate containing DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, USA), 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 1% non-essential amino acid at 37 C in 5% CO 2.…”

“…Bioactive glasses (BGs) are amongst the most promising category of bone regenerating biomaterials due to their biodegradation and hydroxyapatite (HA) formation ability in body fluid . In addition, the ionic products of BGs (depending on initial composition) following degradation, have shown to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro . However, the brittle nature of BGs limits their load‐bearing medical applications.…”

“…hDPSCs are easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells, isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth. According to a wide range of studies, hDPSCs are extremely proliferative and have shown osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo …”

“…5,6 In addition, the ionic products of BGs (depending on initial composition) following degradation, have shown to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. 7,8 However, the brittle nature of BGs limits their load-bearing medical applications. Therefore, the incorporation of BG particles into a PCL/GT polymer matrix could present the advantage of combining bioactivity, therapeutic ionic release and osteogenic properties of BGs with ideal mechanical and physical properties of the PCL/GT.…”

“…According to a wide range of studies, hDPSCs are extremely proliferative and have shown osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. 7,8,[14][15][16] Electrospinning, a versatile and simple technique, is applied to create new fascinating micro/nano architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such unique structures have been created and studied.…”