Long‐term effects of rapid weight gain in children, adolescents and young adults with appropriate birth weight for gestational age: the kiel obesity prevention study

Hitze, Britta; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja; Plachta-Danielzik, Sandra; Bielfeldt, F; Hermanussen, M; Müller, Markus

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01573.x

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…There is substantial evidence that obesity risk may begin very early in life; > 40 studies have documented rapid weight gain in the first few months after birth to be associated with obesity later in life (Akaboshi et al 2008; Blair et al 2007; Botton et al 2008; Chomtho et al 2009; Demerath et al 2009; Dubois and Girard 2006; Durmuş et al 2010; Ekelund et al 2006; Eriksson et al 2008; Goodell et al 2009; Hitze et al 2010; Kain et al 2009; Karaolis-Danckert et al 2006; Lamb et al 2010; Ong and Loos 2006; Ong et al 2009; Taveras et al 2009; Toschke et al 2004) or related metabolic disorders (Cournil et al 2009; EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group 2002; Harder et al 2009; Huxley et al 2000; Law et al 2002; Leunissen et al 2009). Although feeding practices likely play a role (Koletzko et al 2009; Worobey et al 2009), there is considerable uncertainty regarding other factors that may program this rapid infant growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prenatal Organochlorine Compound Exposure, Rapid Weight Gain, and Overweight in Infancy

Mendez

Garcia-Esteban

Guxens

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

141

126

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BackgroundAlthough it has been hypothesized that fetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase obesity risk, empirical data are limited, and it is uncertain how early in life any effects may begin.ObjectivesWe explored whether prenatal exposure to several organochlorine compounds (OCs) is associated with rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and body mass index (BMI) later in infancy.MethodsData come from the INMA (Infancia y Medio-Ambiente) Child and Environment birth cohort in Spain, which recruited 657 women in early pregnancy. Rapid growth during the first 6 months was defined as a change in weight-for-age z-scores > 0.67, and elevated BMI at 14 months, as a z-score ≥ the 85th percentile. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the risk of rapid growth or elevated BMI associated with 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorohexane, and polychlorinated biphenyls in first-trimester maternal serum.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment including other OCs, DDE exposure above the first quartile was associated with doubling of the risk of rapid growth among children of normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), but not overweight, mothers. DDE was also associated with elevated BMI at 14 months (relative risk per unit increase in log DDE = 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.03). Other OCs were not associated with rapid growth or elevated BMI after adjustment.ConclusionsIn this study we found prenatal DDE exposure to be associated with rapid weight gain in the first 6 months and elevated BMI later in infancy, among infants of normal-weight mothers. More research exploring the potential role of chemical exposures in early-onset obesity is needed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Organochlorine Compound Exposure, Rapid Weight Gain, and Overweight in Infancy

Mendez

Garcia-Esteban

Guxens

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

141

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To better understand the relationships between prenatal growth and obesity, future studies should consistently measure prenatal growth by gestational age, as has also been previously recommended. 22,56 Studies that use other proxies, such as birthweight, should be very clear about what such a measure can and cannot tell us about prenatal growth. Lack of standard terminology is a major concern: several studies used the same terms for different measures of postnatal growth and others used different terms for the same measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18] Studies have also indicated that postnatal growth during the first 1-2 years of life may be positively associated with subsequent obesity in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, as obesity risks, both in terms of body mass index (BMI) and adverse body composition, are higher for those who experienced rapid postnatal weight gain. [19][20][21][22][23] An important consideration in understanding the early life emergence of obesity risks is the relationship between prenatal and postnatal growth and whether some combinations of growth increase risks. Prenatal growth has been shown to be inversely associated with postnatal growth, with babies born smaller experiencing higher growth during infancy compared with larger babies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review

2017

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Evidence is accumulating that obesity risks become established early in life. The goal of this systematic review is to assess whether there is evidence that rapid postnatal growth holds different implications for childhood obesity risks for children who experienced different patterns of prenatal growth. We conducted systematic database searches in PubMed and Embase in October 2014 for studies assessing the implications of prenatal and postnatal growth for childhood obesity. The 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria indicated that risks of obesity increased with birthweight; risks of obesity also increased with rapid postnatal growth for children across the birthweight distribution. Fifteen studies indicated that rapid postnatal growth is linearly associated with obesity for children and adolescents of all sizes at birth, with no interaction effect. Three studies reported interaction effects with postnatal growth, conferring additional increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents who were small at birth. Both prenatal and postnatal growth are important risk factors for obesity, and their combined effects should be analyzed further to understand how obesity risks develop early in life.

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“…Furthermore, it was observed that as birth weight decreased, proportionately more subcutaneous fat was accumulated in the body among children aged 7-12 years [14]. Notably, it was recently published that different birth-weight categories could influence the prevalence of obesity during childhood [28] and high rapid weight gain in the first year of life could be an important predictor of obesity status in low-birth-weight preterm infants [28,33,34,35], or in post-term [36] or term-birth children [37]. Likewise, considering a genetic trait, it was observed that functional -243 A→G polymorphism in the 5′ promoter region of glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) genes could result in decreasing insulin resistance and influence feeding behavior, which could be an important determinant of subsequent risk of obesity among low-birth-weight children [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Low Birth Weight Predict Hypertension and Obesity in Schoolchildren?

Zarrati¹,

Shidfar²,

Razmpoosh³

et al. 2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: Birth weight appears to play a role in determining high blood pressure (BP) and obesity during childhood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between birth weight and later obesity and hypertension among 10- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 1,184 primary school students were selected from 20 randomized schools between 2011 and 2012 in Iran. Height, weight, waist circumference and BP were measured using standard instruments. Data were analyzed using stepwise regression and logistic regression models. Results: 13.5% of children had a history of low birth weight. First-degree family history of obesity, excessive gestational weight gain and birth weight were significantly correlated with overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity (p = 0.001), whereas only birth weight was associated with high BP (p = 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between waist circumference and systolic/diastolic BP. The duration of breastfeeding in children with low birth weight was inversely correlated with obesity/overweight, abdominal obesity and hypertension. Conclusion: The results suggests that birth weight is inversely associated with BP and more so with obesity and abdominal obesity. The duration of having been breastfed could have an influence on later hypertension, obesity and abdominal obesity. Further results are needed to test these correlations as well as diagnosing early life factors to prevent young adult overweight/obesity or hypertension.

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Long‐term effects of rapid weight gain in children, adolescents and young adults with appropriate birth weight for gestational age: the kiel obesity prevention study

Abstract: Rapid weight gain was related to increases in height, weight, a higher prevalence of overweight and central fat distribution. In addition, rapid weight gain was related to a higher REE in boys, but not to cardio-metabolic risk factors.

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Prenatal Organochlorine Compound Exposure, Rapid Weight Gain, and Overweight in Infancy

Prenatal Organochlorine Compound Exposure, Rapid Weight Gain, and Overweight in Infancy

Relationship between prenatal growth, postnatal growth and childhood obesity: a review

Does Low Birth Weight Predict Hypertension and Obesity in Schoolchildren?

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