Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of depression: A population-based cohort study in China

Wei, Fusheng; Yu, Zhebin; Zhang, Xinhan; Wu, Mengyin; Wang, Jianbing; Shui, Liming; Lin, Hongbo; Jin, Mingjuan; Tang, Mengling; Chen, Kun

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149986

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, when classified by sex, the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and sleep was generally greater in females, which is in line with previous studies [45][46][47]. On the one hand, longterm exposure to ambient air pollution was identified as a risk factor for mental disorders, such as depression [48]. Sleep disorder is frequently regarded as a symptom of a sub-health psychological state.…”

Section: Subgroup Analyses Of Long-term Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices

Zhou

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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Several studies on long-term air pollution exposure and sleep have reported inconsistent results. Large-scale studies on short-term air pollution exposures and sleep have not been conducted. We investigated the associations of long- and short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with sleep in a Chinese population based on over 1 million nights of sleep data from consumer wearable devices. Air pollution data including particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) were collected from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Short-term exposure was defined as a moving average of the exposure level for different lag days from Lag0 to Lag0-6. A 365-day moving average of air pollution was regarded as long-term exposure. Sleep data were recorded using wearable devices from 2017 to 2019. The mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the associations. We observed that sleep parameters were associated with long-term exposure to all air pollutants. Higher levels of air pollutant concentrations were associated with longer total sleep and light sleep duration, shorter deep sleep duration, and decreases in wake after sleep onset (WASO), with stronger associations of exposures to NO2 and CO [a 1-interquartile range (IQR) increased NO2 (10.3 μg/m3) was associated with 8.7 min (95% CI: 8.08 to 9.32) longer sleep duration, a 1-IQR increased CO (0.3 mg/m3) was associated with 5.0 min (95% CI: − 5.13 to − 4.89) shorter deep sleep duration, 7.7 min (95% CI: 7.46 to 7.85) longer light sleep duration, and 0.5% (95% CI: − 0.5 to − 0.4%) lower proportion of WASO duration to total sleep]. The cumulative effect of short-term exposure on Lag0-6 is similar to long-term exposure but relatively less. Subgroup analyses indicated generally greater effects on individuals who were female, younger (< 45 years), slept longer (≥ 7 h), and during cold seasons, but the pattern of effects was mixed. We supplemented two additional types of stratified analyses to reduce repeated measures of outcomes and exposures while accounting for individual variation. The results were consistent with the overall results, proving the robustness of the overall results. In summary, both short- and long-term exposure to air pollution affect sleep, and the effects are comparable. Although people tend to have prolonged total sleep duration with increasing air pollutant concentrations, their sleep quality might remain poor because of the reduction in deep sleep.

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Section: Subgroup Analyses Of Long-term Effectssupporting

confidence: 88%

The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices

Zhou

et al. 2023

BMC Med

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“…This is equal to 23.70% of the sample mean, suggesting that air pollution contributes a large negative effect to residents' mental health. Existing studies have found that air pollution can increase the risk of diseases such as dementia ( 68 ), asthma ( 69 ), depression ( 26 ), and lung cancer ( 10 ). The results of these studies provide some support for the above findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Shen

Zhong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The effects of air pollution on population health are currently a hot topic. However, few studies have examined the physical and mental health effects of air pollution jointly in China. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018, this study explores how air pollution affects the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly residents. The empirical results highlight that air pollution can negatively affect both physical and mental health. In terms of physical health, those exposed to chronic shock are likely to suffer more adverse effects from air pollution than those exposed to acute shock. In terms of mental health, those exposed to depression suffer greater adverse effects than those exposed to episodic memory and mental cognition. Besides, heterogeneity analysis also shows that air pollution affects the mental and physical health of males more than females. Furthermore, the increase in air pollution is expected to result in huge hospitalization costs. Therefore, the Chinese government should formulate differentiated public health policies to reduce the effects of air pollution on the health of middle-aged and elderly residents.

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“…The findings showed that middle-aged and older adults who experienced long-term HAP exposure may also have an increased risk of disability due to depression. Previous studies have shown that elderly people are more likely to suffer from depression when they are exposed to HAP 12,28,66,67 . This may be because harmful particles in household air pollutants can interact with some human genes and change DNA methylation levels 68 or induce metabolic changes consistent with the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis 36,69 , which may influence the occurrence of depression or the degree of depression 70,71 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pain and depression on the relationship between household solid fuel use and disability among middle-aged and older adults

Jia

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Household air pollution (HAP) is suggested to increases people's risk of disability, but mediating mechanisms between HAP and disability remains under-investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms between household air pollution and disability in middle-aged and older adults (i.e., older than 45 years) using a nationally representative prospective cohort. In total, 3754 middle-aged and older adults were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were employed to estimate the association between HAP, pain, depression and disability. Finally, three significant mediation pathways through which HAP directly impacts disability were found: (1) pain (B = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01, 0.02), accounting for 15.25% of the total effect; (2) depression (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.004, 0.02), accounting for 11.86% of the total effect; (3) pain and depression (B = 0.04, 95% CI 0.003, 0.01), accounting for 6.78% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 33.89%. This study clarified that HAP can indirectly affect disability through the respective and serial mediating roles of pain and depression. These findings potentially have important implications for national strategies concerning the widespread use of clean fuels by citizens.

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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of depression: A population-based cohort study in China

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices

The long-term and short-term effects of ambient air pollutants on sleep characteristics in the Chinese population: big data analysis from real world by sleep records of consumer wearable devices

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Effects of pain and depression on the relationship between household solid fuel use and disability among middle-aged and older adults

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