Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic noise and incident hypertension in seven cohorts of the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE)

Fuks, Kateryna; Weinmayr, Gudrun; Basagaña, Xavier; Gruzieva, Olena; Hampel, Regina; Oftedal, Bente; Sørensen, Mette; Wolf, Kathrin; Aamodt, Geir; Aasvang, Gunn Marit; Aguilera, Inmaculada; Becker, Thomas; Beelen, Rob; Brunekreef, Bert; Caracciolo, Barbara; Cyrys, Josef; Elosúa, Roberto; Eriksen, Kirsten Thorup; Foraster, María; Fratiglioni, Laura; Hilding, Agneta; Houthuijs, Danny; Korek, Michal; Künzli, Nino; Marrugat, Jaume; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Östenson, Claes‐Göran; Penell, Johanna; Pershagen, Göran; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Swart, Wim; Peters, Annette; Hoffmann, Barbara

doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw413

Cited by 109 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In one cohort study, stroke incidence was related to road traffic noise exposure 3. Moreover, several longitudinal studies indicated that exposure to transportation noise was related to obesity,4 5 diabetes6–8 and hypertension,9 which are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The WHO systematic review concluded that not enough studies of good quality are available on cardiovascular and metabolic effects of transportation noise, but that the plausibility of an association calls for further and improved research, particularly studies of longitudinal design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

Pyko¹,

Andersson

Eriksson³

et al. 2019

Occup Environ Med

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BackgroundThere is limited evidence from longitudinal studies on transportation noise from different sources and development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.ObjectivesThis cohort study assessed associations between exposure to noise from road traffic, railway or aircraft and incidence of IHD and stroke.MethodsIn a cohort of 20 012 individuals from Stockholm County, we estimated long-term residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise. National Patient and Cause-of-Death Registers were used to identify IHD and stroke events. Information on risk factors was obtained from questionnaires and registers. Adjusted HR for cardiovascular outcomes related to source-specific noise exposure were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsNo clear or consistent associations were observed between transportation noise and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, noise exposure from road traffic and aircraft was related to IHD incidence in women, with HR of 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.22) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.44) per 10 dB Lden, respectively. For both sexes taken together, we observed a particularly high risk of IHD in those exposed to all three transportation noise sources at≥45 dB Lden, with a HR of 1.57 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.32), and a similar tendency for stroke (HR 1.42; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.32).ConclusionNo overall associations were observed between transportation noise exposure and incidence of IHD or stroke. However, there appeared to be an increased risk of IHD in women exposed to road traffic or aircraft noise as well as in those exposed to multiple sources of transportation noise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

Pyko¹,

Andersson

Eriksson³

et al. 2019

Occup Environ Med

Self Cite

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“…High blood pressure (BP) ranked the first leading risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality . In the past several years, a growing body of epidemiological studies has examined whether long‐term exposures to ambient fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM 2.5 ) pollution increase the risk of hypertension, but the findings are inconsistent . The inconsistent results may be attributable to the heterogeneity in particulate matter sizes or constituents between geographic regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inconsistent results may be attributable to the heterogeneity in particulate matter sizes or constituents between geographic regions. Furthermore, most research was conducted in European countries and the United States, where air pollutant concentrations were low compared with China …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (With an Aerodynamic Diameter ≤2.5 μm) on Hypertension and Blood Pressure and Attributable Risk Among Reproductive‐Age Adults in China

Xie

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundEpidemiological evidence on the association between long‐term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM 2.5) and hypertension is mixed. We investigated the long‐term association between ambient fine particles and hypertension in reproductive‐age adults.Methods and ResultsThis analysis included 39 348 119 reproductive‐age (20–49 years) participants from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from April 22, 2010 to December 31, 2015 across China. The estimation of annual average ambient PM 2.5 concentrations for each community was realized through using satellite‐based spatial statistical models. Linear mixed models and 2‐level logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders with natural cubic splines were used to investigate the shape of PM 2.5–blood pressure and PM 2.5‐hypertension, respectively. The effect modification by sex, obesity, smoking status, age, diabetes mellitus, urbanity, race, and region was also taken into account. The concentration‐response relationship between PM 2.5 and hypertension was nonlinear, with a threshold concentration of 47.9 μg/m3. The odds ratio of hypertension related to a 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 above threshold was 1.010 (95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.012). A 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 above threshold corresponded to a 0.569 (95% confidence interval, 0.564–0.573) mm Hg elevation in systolic blood pressure and a 0.384 (95% confidence interval, 0.381–0.388) mm Hg elevation in diastolic blood pressure. There were 2.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.2%–2.4%) of the hypertension cases that could be attributed to PM 2.5 exposures in reproductive‐age adult populations.ConclusionsLong‐term exposures to PM 2.5 above certain levels might increase population risk for hypertension and might be responsible for China's avoidable hypertension burden in reproductive‐age adults.

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“…Deaths from cardiovascular causes account for more than two thirds of the premature deaths attributable to ambient PM 2.5 air pollution 2. Increasing amounts of data suggest exposure to PM 2.5 increases the risk of cardiovascular deaths and diseases in the short and long terms 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. It also has been suggested that the long‐term effects of PM 2.5 have a greater impact on cardiovascular mortality than the short‐term effects 4, 5…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Effects of Long‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution: A Population‐Based Study With 900 845 Person‐Years of Follow‐up

Kim

et al. 2017

JAHA

153

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BackgroundStudies have shown that long‐term exposure to air pollution such as fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM 2.5]) increases the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. To date, however, there are limited data on the impact of air pollution on specific cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular effects of long‐term exposure to air pollution among residents of Seoul, Korea.Methods and ResultsHealthy participants with no previous history of cardiovascular disease were evaluated between 2007 and 2013. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated by linking the location of outdoor monitors to the ZIP code of each participant's residence. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed using Cox regression models to evaluate the risk for composite cardiovascular events including cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke. A total of 136 094 participants were followed for a median of 7.0 years (900 845 person‐years). The risk of major cardiovascular events increased with higher mean concentrations of PM 2.5 in a linear relationship, with a hazard ratio of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.43) per 1 μg/m3 PM 2.5. Other pollutants including PM 2.5–10 of CO, SO 2, and NO 2, but not O3, were significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The burden from air pollution was comparable to that from hypertension and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThis large‐scale population‐based study demonstrated that long‐term exposure to air pollution including PM 2.5 increases the risk of major cardiovascular disease and mortality. Air pollution should be considered an important modifiable environmental cardiovascular risk factor.

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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and traffic noise and incident hypertension in seven cohorts of the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE)

Abstract: Long-term residential exposures to air pollution and noise are associated with increased incidence of self-reported hypertension.

Cited by 109 publications

References 23 publications

Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

Long-term transportation noise exposure and incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke: a cohort study

Long‐Term Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (With an Aerodynamic Diameter ≤2.5 μm) on Hypertension and Blood Pressure and Attributable Risk Among Reproductive‐Age Adults in China

Cardiovascular Effects of Long‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution: A Population‐Based Study With 900 845 Person‐Years of Follow‐up

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