Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution Is a Risk Factor for Stroke

Scheers, Hans; Jacobs, Lotte; Casas, Lidia; Nemery, Benoît; Nawrot, Tim S.

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009913

Cited by 155 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…184 Meta-analyses have found a consistent positive association between air pollution and stroke; an analysis of 20 studies identified that exposure to a 5-ug/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 increases the risk of a stroke by 6% and stroke mortality by 12.5%. 185 …”

Section: Stroke Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Boehme

Esenwa

Elkind

2017

Circulation Research

1,318

895

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Stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome, and determining risk factors and treatment depends on the specific pathogenesis of stroke. Risk factors for stroke can be categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable. Age, sex, and race/ethnicity are nonmodifiable risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, while hypertension, smoking, diet, and physical inactivity are among some of the more commonly reported modifiable risk factors. More recently described risk factors and triggers of stroke include inflammatory disorders, infection, pollution, and cardiac atrial disorders independent of atrial fibrillation. Single-gene disorders may cause rare, hereditary disorders for which stroke is a primary manifestation. Recent research also suggests that common and rare genetic polymorphisms can influence risk of more common causes of stroke, due to both other risk factors and specific stroke mechanisms, such as atrial fibrillation. Genetic factors, particularly those with environmental interactions, may be more modifiable than previously recognized. Stroke prevention has generally focused on modifiable risk factors. Lifestyle and behavioral modification, such as dietary changes or smoking cessation, not only reduces stroke risk, but also reduces the risk of other cardiovascular diseases. Other prevention strategies include identifying and treating medical conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes, that increase stroke risk. Recent research into risk factors and genetics of stroke has not only identified those at risk for stroke but also identified ways to target at-risk populations for stroke prevention.

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Section: Stroke Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Boehme

Esenwa

Elkind

2017

Circulation Research

1,318

895

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“…Liang and his colleagues conducted a systematic review to report the significant impact of PM 2.5 exposure on blood pressure, with the strongest association for the long-term exposure [6]. A meta-analysis study further showed the scientific evidence that long-term exposure to particulate matter with dynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM 10 ) is regarded as a risk factor of stroke [7]. Mannsaker et al reported that exposure to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxides (NO 2 ) may influence the hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollutants, and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Taichung, Taiwan

Yang

Wang

Chang

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Background: A few studies have investigated the interaction between exposure to road traffic noise, air pollutants, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their results were inconsistent. This cross-sectional study investigated whether road traffic noise, particulate matter with dynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) exposure were independently associated with the risk of CVD. Methods: We recruited 663 volunteers who had been living near main roads for more than three years in 2008. Information concerning the subjects’ home addresses was combined with noise measurements at 42 locations and annual average of air pollutants from 2 monitoring stations to estimate individual exposure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for diagnosed CVD, adjusting for potential confounders and co-exposure. Results: Only per 5-dBA increase in road traffic noise was significantly associated with elevated risk of CVD (adjusted OR = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–3.93) in the single-exposure models. Such association was aggravated (adjusted OR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.41–6.23) after adjustment for total traffic and PM10 or NO2 in the two-exposure models. Conclusions: Road traffic noise exposure may be associated with the increasing prevalence of CVD. No synergistic association was observed between co-exposure to noise and air pollutants and the risk of CVD.

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“…Emerging evidence has also suggested that ambient particles may have aging-related effects: particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) exposures have been associated with age-related outcomes including brain atrophy [2], declines in cognitive performance [3], ischemic heart disease [4], and stroke [5], as well as increases in systolic blood pressure by as much as 4.6 mmHg [6, 7]. Moreover, traffic related particle exposures have been associated with hastened lung function decline by 6–7% over a five year period [8], accelerated pigment spot formation, and other clinical hallmarks of premature skin aging [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term ambient particle exposures and blood DNA methylation age: findings from the VA normative aging study

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAmbient particles have been shown to exacerbate measures of biological aging; yet, no studies have examined their relationships with DNA methylation age (DNAm-age), an epigenome-wide DNA methylation based predictor of chronological age.ObjectiveWe examined the relationship of DNAm-age with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), a measure of total inhalable particle mass, and black carbon (BC), a measure of particles from vehicular traffic.MethodsWe used validated spatiotemporal models to generate 1-year PM2.5 and BC exposure levels at the addresses of 589 older men participating in the VA Normative Aging Study with 1–3 visits between 2000 and 2011 (n = 1032 observations). Blood DNAm-age was calculated using 353 CpG sites from the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We estimated associations of PM2.5 and BC with DNAm-age using linear mixed effects models adjusted for age, lifestyle/environmental factors, and aging-related diseases.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, a 1-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.75, P<0.0001) was significantly associated with a 0.52-year increase in DNAm-age. Adjusted BC models showed similar patterns of association (β = 3.02, 95% CI: 0.48, 5.57, P = 0.02). Only PM2.5 (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.84, P = 0.0004) remained significantly associated with DNAm-age in two-particle models. Methylation levels from 20 of the 353 CpGs contributing to DNAm-age were significantly associated with PM2.5 levels in our two-particle models. Several of these CpGs mapped to genes implicated in lung pathologies including LZTFL1, PDLIM5, and ATPAF1.ConclusionOur results support an association of long-termambient particle levels with DNAm-age and suggest that DNAm-age is a biomarker of particle-related physiological processes.

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Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution Is a Risk Factor for Stroke

Cited by 155 publications

References 48 publications

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention

Road Traffic Noise, Air Pollutants, and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Taichung, Taiwan

Long-term ambient particle exposures and blood DNA methylation age: findings from the VA normative aging study

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